MapLibreParticleLab/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.cpp

#include <mbgl/geometry/feature_index.hpp>
#include <mbgl/geometry/line_atlas.hpp>
#include <mbgl/gfx/cull_face_mode.hpp>
#include <mbgl/programs/line_program.hpp>
#include <mbgl/programs/programs.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/buckets/line_bucket.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/image_manager.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/render_source.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/render_tile.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/tile_render_data.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/upload_parameters.hpp>
#include <mbgl/style/expression/image.hpp>
#include <mbgl/style/layers/line_layer_impl.hpp>
#include <mbgl/tile/geometry_tile.hpp>
#include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
#include <mbgl/util/intersection_tests.hpp>
#include <mbgl/util/math.hpp>
#include <mbgl/util/convert.hpp>

#if MLN_DRAWABLE_RENDERER
#include <mbgl/gfx/drawable_builder.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/layer_group.hpp>
#include <mbgl/renderer/layers/line_layer_tweaker.hpp>
#include <mbgl/gfx/line_drawable_data.hpp>
#include <mbgl/shaders/shader_program_base.hpp>
#endif

namespace mbgl {

using namespace style;

namespace {

inline const LineLayer::Impl& impl_cast(const Immutable<style::Layer::Impl>& impl) {
    assert(impl->getTypeInfo() == LineLayer::Impl::staticTypeInfo());
    return static_cast<const LineLayer::Impl&>(*impl);
}

} // namespace

RenderLineLayer::RenderLineLayer(Immutable<style::LineLayer::Impl> _impl)
    : RenderLayer(makeMutable<LineLayerProperties>(std::move(_impl))),
      unevaluated(impl_cast(baseImpl).paint.untransitioned()),
      colorRamp(std::make_shared<PremultipliedImage>(Size(256, 1))) {}

RenderLineLayer::~RenderLineLayer() = default;

void RenderLineLayer::transition(const TransitionParameters& parameters) {
    unevaluated = impl_cast(baseImpl).paint.transitioned(parameters, std::move(unevaluated));
    updateColorRamp();
}

void RenderLineLayer::evaluate(const PropertyEvaluationParameters& parameters) {
    auto properties = makeMutable<LineLayerProperties>(staticImmutableCast<LineLayer::Impl>(baseImpl),
                                                       parameters.getCrossfadeParameters(),
                                                       unevaluated.evaluate(parameters));
    auto& evaluated = properties->evaluated;

    passes = (evaluated.get<style::LineOpacity>().constantOr(1.0) > 0 &&
              evaluated.get<style::LineColor>().constantOr(Color::black()).a > 0 &&
              evaluated.get<style::LineWidth>().constantOr(1.0) > 0)
                 ? RenderPass::Translucent
                 : RenderPass::None;
    properties->renderPasses = mbgl::underlying_type(passes);
    evaluatedProperties = std::move(properties);

#if MLN_DRAWABLE_RENDERER
    if (layerGroup && layerGroup->getLayerTweaker()) {
        layerGroup->setLayerTweaker(std::make_shared<LineLayerTweaker>(evaluatedProperties));
    }
#endif
}

bool RenderLineLayer::hasTransition() const {
    return unevaluated.hasTransition();
}

bool RenderLineLayer::hasCrossfade() const {
    return getCrossfade<LineLayerProperties>(evaluatedProperties).t != 1;
}

void RenderLineLayer::prepare(const LayerPrepareParameters& params) {
    RenderLayer::prepare(params);
    for (const RenderTile& tile : *renderTiles) {
        const LayerRenderData* renderData = tile.getLayerRenderData(*baseImpl);
        if (!renderData) continue;

        const auto& evaluated = getEvaluated<LineLayerProperties>(renderData->layerProperties);
        if (evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().from.empty()) continue;

        auto& bucket = static_cast<LineBucket&>(*renderData->bucket);
        const LinePatternCap cap = bucket.layout.get<LineCap>() == LineCapType::Round ? LinePatternCap::Round
                                                                                      : LinePatternCap::Square;
        // Ensures that the dash data gets added to the atlas.
        params.lineAtlas.getDashPatternTexture(
            evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().from, evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().to, cap);
    }
}

void RenderLineLayer::upload(gfx::UploadPass& uploadPass) {
    if (!unevaluated.get<LineGradient>().getValue().isUndefined() && !colorRampTexture) {
        colorRampTexture = uploadPass.createTexture(*colorRamp);
    }
}

#if MLN_LEGACY_RENDERER
void RenderLineLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
    assert(renderTiles);
    if (parameters.pass == RenderPass::Opaque) {
        return;
    }

    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineProgram)) return;
    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineGradientProgram)) return;
    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineSDFProgram)) return;
    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(linePatternProgram)) return;

    parameters.renderTileClippingMasks(renderTiles);

    for (const RenderTile& tile : *renderTiles) {
        const LayerRenderData* renderData = getRenderDataForPass(tile, parameters.pass);
        if (!renderData) {
            continue;
        }
        auto& bucket = static_cast<LineBucket&>(*renderData->bucket);
        const auto& evaluated = getEvaluated<LineLayerProperties>(renderData->layerProperties);
        const auto& crossfade = getCrossfade<LineLayerProperties>(renderData->layerProperties);

        auto draw = [&](auto& programInstance,
                        auto&& uniformValues,
                        const std::optional<ImagePosition>& patternPositionA,
                        const std::optional<ImagePosition>& patternPositionB,
                        auto&& textureBindings) {
            const auto& paintPropertyBinders = bucket.paintPropertyBinders.at(getID());

            paintPropertyBinders.setPatternParameters(patternPositionA, patternPositionB, crossfade);

            const auto allUniformValues = programInstance.computeAllUniformValues(
                std::forward<decltype(uniformValues)>(uniformValues),
                paintPropertyBinders,
                evaluated,
                static_cast<float>(parameters.state.getZoom()));
            const auto allAttributeBindings = programInstance.computeAllAttributeBindings(
                *bucket.vertexBuffer, paintPropertyBinders, evaluated);

            checkRenderability(parameters, programInstance.activeBindingCount(allAttributeBindings));

            programInstance.draw(parameters.context,
                                 *parameters.renderPass,
                                 gfx::Triangles(),
                                 parameters.depthModeForSublayer(0, gfx::DepthMaskType::ReadOnly),
                                 parameters.stencilModeForClipping(tile.id),
                                 parameters.colorModeForRenderPass(),
                                 gfx::CullFaceMode::disabled(),
                                 *bucket.indexBuffer,
                                 bucket.segments,
                                 allUniformValues,
                                 allAttributeBindings,
                                 std::forward<decltype(textureBindings)>(textureBindings),
                                 getID());
        };

        if (!evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().from.empty()) {
            const LinePatternCap cap = bucket.layout.get<LineCap>() == LineCapType::Round ? LinePatternCap::Round
                                                                                          : LinePatternCap::Square;
            const auto& dashPatternTexture = parameters.lineAtlas.getDashPatternTexture(
                evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().from, evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().to, cap);

            draw(*lineSDFProgram,
                 LineSDFProgram::layoutUniformValues(evaluated,
                                                     parameters.pixelRatio,
                                                     tile,
                                                     parameters.state,
                                                     parameters.pixelsToGLUnits,
                                                     dashPatternTexture.getFrom(),
                                                     dashPatternTexture.getTo(),
                                                     crossfade,
                                                     static_cast<float>(dashPatternTexture.getSize().width)),
                 {},
                 {},
                 LineSDFProgram::TextureBindings{
                     dashPatternTexture.textureBinding(),
                 });

        } else if (!unevaluated.get<LinePattern>().isUndefined()) {
            const auto& linePatternValue = evaluated.get<LinePattern>().constantOr(Faded<expression::Image>{"", ""});
            const Size& texsize = tile.getIconAtlasTexture()->getSize();

            std::optional<ImagePosition> posA = tile.getPattern(linePatternValue.from.id());
            std::optional<ImagePosition> posB = tile.getPattern(linePatternValue.to.id());

            draw(*linePatternProgram,
                 LinePatternProgram::layoutUniformValues(evaluated,
                                                         tile,
                                                         parameters.state,
                                                         parameters.pixelsToGLUnits,
                                                         parameters.pixelRatio,
                                                         texsize,
                                                         crossfade),
                 posA,
                 posB,
                 LinePatternProgram::TextureBindings{
                     tile.getIconAtlasTextureBinding(gfx::TextureFilterType::Linear),
                 });
        } else if (!unevaluated.get<LineGradient>().getValue().isUndefined()) {
            assert(colorRampTexture);

            draw(*lineGradientProgram,
                 LineGradientProgram::layoutUniformValues(
                     evaluated, tile, parameters.state, parameters.pixelsToGLUnits, parameters.pixelRatio),
                 {},
                 {},
                 LineGradientProgram::TextureBindings{
                     textures::image::Value{colorRampTexture->getResource(), gfx::TextureFilterType::Linear},
                 });
        } else {
            draw(*lineProgram,
                 LineProgram::layoutUniformValues(
                     evaluated, tile, parameters.state, parameters.pixelsToGLUnits, parameters.pixelRatio),
                 {},
                 {},
                 LineProgram::TextureBindings{});
        }
    }
}
#endif // MLN_LEGACY_RENDERER

namespace {

GeometryCollection offsetLine(const GeometryCollection& rings, double offset) {
    assert(offset != 0.0f);
    assert(!rings.empty());

    GeometryCollection newRings;
    newRings.reserve(rings.size());

    const Point<double> zero(0, 0);
    for (const auto& ring : rings) {
        newRings.emplace_back();
        auto& newRing = newRings.back();
        newRing.reserve(ring.size());

        for (auto i = ring.begin(); i != ring.end(); ++i) {
            auto& p = *i;

            Point<double> aToB = i == ring.begin() ? zero : util::perp(util::unit(convertPoint<double>(p - *(i - 1))));
            Point<double> bToC = i + 1 == ring.end() ? zero
                                                     : util::perp(util::unit(convertPoint<double>(*(i + 1) - p)));
            Point<double> extrude = util::unit(aToB + bToC);

            const double cosHalfAngle = extrude.x * bToC.x + extrude.y * bToC.y;
            extrude *= (cosHalfAngle != 0) ? (1.0 / cosHalfAngle) : 0;

            newRing.emplace_back(convertPoint<int16_t>(extrude * offset) + p);
        }
    }

    return newRings;
}

} // namespace

bool RenderLineLayer::queryIntersectsFeature(const GeometryCoordinates& queryGeometry,
                                             const GeometryTileFeature& feature,
                                             const float zoom,
                                             const TransformState& transformState,
                                             const float pixelsToTileUnits,
                                             const mat4&,
                                             const FeatureState& featureState) const {
    const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const LineLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
    // Translate query geometry
    auto translatedQueryGeometry = FeatureIndex::translateQueryGeometry(queryGeometry,
                                                                        evaluated.get<style::LineTranslate>(),
                                                                        evaluated.get<style::LineTranslateAnchor>(),
                                                                        static_cast<float>(transformState.getBearing()),
                                                                        pixelsToTileUnits);

    // Evaluate function
    auto offset = evaluated.get<style::LineOffset>().evaluate(
                      feature, zoom, featureState, style::LineOffset::defaultValue()) *
                  pixelsToTileUnits;
    // Test intersection
    const auto halfWidth = static_cast<float>(getLineWidth(feature, zoom, featureState) / 2.0 * pixelsToTileUnits);

    // Apply offset to geometry
    if (offset != 0.0f && !feature.getGeometries().empty()) {
        return util::polygonIntersectsBufferedMultiLine(
            translatedQueryGeometry.value_or(queryGeometry), offsetLine(feature.getGeometries(), offset), halfWidth);
    }

    return util::polygonIntersectsBufferedMultiLine(
        translatedQueryGeometry.value_or(queryGeometry), feature.getGeometries(), halfWidth);
}

void RenderLineLayer::updateColorRamp() {
    auto colorValue = unevaluated.get<LineGradient>().getValue();
    if (colorValue.isUndefined()) {
        return;
    }

    const auto length = colorRamp->bytes();

    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < length; i += 4) {
        const auto color = colorValue.evaluate(static_cast<double>(i) / length);
        colorRamp->data[i] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::floor(color.r * 255.f));
        colorRamp->data[i + 1] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::floor(color.g * 255.f));
        colorRamp->data[i + 2] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::floor(color.b * 255.f));
        colorRamp->data[i + 3] = static_cast<uint8_t>(std::floor(color.a * 255.f));
    }

    if (colorRampTexture) {
        colorRampTexture = std::nullopt;
    }

#if MLN_DRAWABLE_RENDERER
    if (colorRampTexture2D) {
        colorRampTexture2D.reset();

        // delete all gradient drawables
        if (layerGroup) {
            stats.drawablesRemoved += layerGroup->getDrawableCount();
            layerGroup->clearDrawables();
        }
    }
#endif
}

float RenderLineLayer::getLineWidth(const GeometryTileFeature& feature,
                                    const float zoom,
                                    const FeatureState& featureState) const {
    const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const LineLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
    float lineWidth = evaluated.get<style::LineWidth>().evaluate(
        feature, zoom, featureState, style::LineWidth::defaultValue());
    float gapWidth = evaluated.get<style::LineGapWidth>().evaluate(
        feature, zoom, featureState, style::LineGapWidth::defaultValue());
    if (gapWidth) {
        return gapWidth + 2 * lineWidth;
    } else {
        return lineWidth;
    }
}

#if MLN_DRAWABLE_RENDERER
/// Property interpolation UBOs
struct alignas(16) LineInterpolationUBO {
    float color_t;
    float blur_t;
    float opacity_t;
    float gapwidth_t;
    float offset_t;
    float width_t;

    float pad1;
    float pad2;
};
static_assert(sizeof(LineInterpolationUBO) % 16 == 0);
static constexpr std::string_view LineInterpolationUBOName = "LineInterpolationUBO";

struct alignas(16) LineGradientInterpolationUBO {
    float blur_t;
    float opacity_t;
    float gapwidth_t;
    float offset_t;
    float width_t;

    float pad1;
    std::array<float, 2> pad2;
};
static_assert(sizeof(LineGradientInterpolationUBO) % 16 == 0);
static constexpr std::string_view LineGradientInterpolationUBOName = "LineGradientInterpolationUBO";

struct alignas(16) LinePatternInterpolationUBO {
    float blur_t;
    float opacity_t;
    float offset_t;
    float gapwidth_t;
    float width_t;
    float pattern_from_t;
    float pattern_to_t;

    float pad1;
};
static_assert(sizeof(LinePatternInterpolationUBO) % 16 == 0);
static constexpr std::string_view LinePatternInterpolationUBOName = "LinePatternInterpolationUBO";

struct alignas(16) LineSDFInterpolationUBO {
    float color_t;
    float blur_t;
    float opacity_t;
    float gapwidth_t;
    float offset_t;
    float width_t;
    float floorwidth_t;

    float pad1;
};
static_assert(sizeof(LineSDFInterpolationUBO) % 16 == 0);
static constexpr std::string_view LineSDFInterpolationUBOName = "LineSDFInterpolationUBO";

/// Evaluated properties that depend on the tile
struct alignas(16) LinePatternTilePropertiesUBO {
    std::array<float, 4> pattern_from;
    std::array<float, 4> pattern_to;
};
static_assert(sizeof(LinePatternTilePropertiesUBO) % 16 == 0);
static constexpr std::string_view LinePatternTilePropertiesUBOName = "LinePatternTilePropertiesUBO";

void RenderLineLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
                             gfx::Context& context,
                             const TransformState& state,
                             [[maybe_unused]] const RenderTree& renderTree,
                             [[maybe_unused]] UniqueChangeRequestVec& changes) {
    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(mutex);

    if (!renderTiles || renderTiles->empty()) {
        removeAllDrawables();
        return;
    }

    // Set up a layer group
    if (!layerGroup) {
        if (auto layerGroup_ = context.createTileLayerGroup(layerIndex, /*initialCapacity=*/64, getID())) {
            layerGroup_->setLayerTweaker(std::make_shared<LineLayerTweaker>(evaluatedProperties));
            setLayerGroup(std::move(layerGroup_), changes);
        }
    }
    auto* tileLayerGroup = static_cast<TileLayerGroup*>(layerGroup.get());

    if (!lineShaderGroup) {
        lineShaderGroup = shaders.getShaderGroup("LineShader");
    }
    if (!lineGradientShaderGroup) {
        lineGradientShaderGroup = shaders.getShaderGroup("LineGradientShader");
    }
    if (!linePatternShaderGroup) {
        linePatternShaderGroup = shaders.getShaderGroup("LinePatternShader");
    }
    if (!lineSDFShaderGroup) {
        lineSDFShaderGroup = shaders.getShaderGroup("LineSDFShader");
    }

    std::unordered_set<OverscaledTileID> newTileIDs(renderTiles->size());
    std::transform(renderTiles->begin(),
                   renderTiles->end(),
                   std::inserter(newTileIDs, newTileIDs.begin()),
                   [](const auto& renderTile) -> OverscaledTileID { return renderTile.get().getOverscaledTileID(); });

    const RenderPass renderPass = static_cast<RenderPass>(evaluatedProperties->renderPasses &
                                                          ~mbgl::underlying_type(RenderPass::Opaque));

    tileLayerGroup->observeDrawables([&](gfx::UniqueDrawable& drawable) {
        // If the render pass has changed or the tile has  dropped out of the cover set, remove it.
        const auto tileID = drawable->getTileID();
        if (drawable->getRenderPass() != renderPass || (tileID && newTileIDs.find(*tileID) == newTileIDs.end())) {
            drawable.reset();
            ++stats.drawablesRemoved;
        }
    });

    auto createLineBuilder = [&](const std::string& name,
                                 gfx::ShaderPtr shader) -> std::unique_ptr<gfx::DrawableBuilder> {
        std::unique_ptr<gfx::DrawableBuilder> builder = context.createDrawableBuilder(name);
        builder->setShader(std::static_pointer_cast<gfx::ShaderProgramBase>(shader));
        builder->setRenderPass(renderPass);
        builder->setSubLayerIndex(0);
        builder->setDepthType(gfx::DepthMaskType::ReadOnly);
        builder->setColorMode(renderPass == RenderPass::Translucent ? gfx::ColorMode::alphaBlended()
                                                                    : gfx::ColorMode::unblended());
        builder->setCullFaceMode(gfx::CullFaceMode::disabled());
        builder->setNeedsStencil(true);
        builder->setVertexAttrName("a_pos_normal");

        return builder;
    };

    auto addVertices = [&](std::unique_ptr<gfx::DrawableBuilder>& builder, const LineBucket& bucket) {
        std::vector<std::array<int16_t, 2>> vertices;
        vertices.resize(bucket.vertices.vector().size());
        std::transform(
            bucket.vertices.vector().begin(), bucket.vertices.vector().end(), vertices.begin(), [](const auto& x) {
                return x.a1;
            });
        builder->addVertices(vertices, 0, vertices.size());
    };

    auto addAttributes = [&](std::unique_ptr<gfx::DrawableBuilder>& builder,
                             const LineBucket& bucket,
                             gfx::VertexAttributeArray& vertexAttrs) {
        if (auto& attr = vertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_data")) {
            size_t index{0};
            for (const auto& vert : bucket.vertices.vector()) {
                attr->set(index++, gfx::VertexAttribute::int4{vert.a2[0], vert.a2[1], vert.a2[2], vert.a2[3]});
            }
        }
        builder->setVertexAttributes(std::move(vertexAttrs));
    };

    auto setSegments = [&](std::unique_ptr<gfx::DrawableBuilder>& builder, const LineBucket& bucket) {
        builder->setSegments(
            gfx::Triangles(), bucket.triangles.vector(), bucket.segments.data(), bucket.segments.size());
    };

    for (const RenderTile& tile : *renderTiles) {
        const auto& tileID = tile.getOverscaledTileID();

        const LayerRenderData* renderData = getRenderDataForPass(tile, renderPass);
        if (!renderData) {
            removeTile(renderPass, tileID);
            continue;
        }

        auto& bucket = static_cast<LineBucket&>(*renderData->bucket);
        const auto& paintPropertyBinders = bucket.paintPropertyBinders.at(getID());
        const auto& evaluated = getEvaluated<LineLayerProperties>(renderData->layerProperties);
        const auto& crossfade = getCrossfade<LineLayerProperties>(renderData->layerProperties);

        // interpolation UBOs
        float zoom = static_cast<float>(state.getZoom());
        LineInterpolationUBO lineInterpolationUBO{
            /*color_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineColor>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*blur_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineBlur>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*opacity_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*gapwidth_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineGapWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*offset_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOffset>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*width_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            0,
            0};
        LineGradientInterpolationUBO lineGradientInterpolationUBO{
            /*blur_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineBlur>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*opacity_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*gapwidth_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineGapWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*offset_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOffset>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*width_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            0,
            {0, 0}};
        LinePatternInterpolationUBO linePatternInterpolationUBO{
            /*blur_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineBlur>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*opacity_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*offset_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOffset>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*gapwidth_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineGapWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*width_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*pattern_from_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LinePattern>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*pattern_to_t =*/std::get<1>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LinePattern>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            0};
        LineSDFInterpolationUBO lineSDFInterpolationUBO{
            /*color_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineColor>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*blur_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineBlur>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*opacity_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*gapwidth_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineGapWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*offset_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineOffset>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*width_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            /*floorwidth_t =*/std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<LineFloorWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
            0};

        // tile dependent properties UBOs:
        const auto& linePatternValue = evaluated.get<LinePattern>().constantOr(Faded<expression::Image>{"", ""});
        std::optional<ImagePosition> patternPosA = tile.getPattern(linePatternValue.from.id());
        std::optional<ImagePosition> patternPosB = tile.getPattern(linePatternValue.to.id());
        LinePatternTilePropertiesUBO linePatternTilePropertiesUBO{
            /*pattern_from =*/patternPosA ? util::cast<float>(patternPosA->tlbr()) : std::array<float, 4>{0},
            /*pattern_to =*/patternPosB ? util::cast<float>(patternPosB->tlbr()) : std::array<float, 4>{0}};

        // update existing drawables
        tileLayerGroup->observeDrawables(renderPass, tileID, [&](gfx::Drawable& drawable) {
            // simple line interpolation UBO
            if (drawable.getShader()->getUniformBlocks().get(std::string(LineInterpolationUBOName))) {
                drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LineInterpolationUBOName, &lineInterpolationUBO, context);
            }
            // gradient line interpolation UBO
            else if (drawable.getShader()->getUniformBlocks().get(std::string(LineGradientInterpolationUBOName))) {
                drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LineGradientInterpolationUBOName, &lineGradientInterpolationUBO, context);
            }
            // pattern line interpolation UBO
            else if (drawable.getShader()->getUniformBlocks().get(std::string(LinePatternInterpolationUBOName))) {
                // interpolation
                drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LinePatternInterpolationUBOName, &linePatternInterpolationUBO, context);
                // tile properties
                drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LinePatternTilePropertiesUBOName, &linePatternTilePropertiesUBO, context);
            }
            // SDF line interpolation UBO
            else if (drawable.getShader()->getUniformBlocks().get(std::string(LineSDFInterpolationUBOName))) {
                drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LineSDFInterpolationUBOName, &lineSDFInterpolationUBO, context);
            }
        });

        if (tileLayerGroup->getDrawableCount(renderPass, tileID) > 0) continue;

        if (!evaluated.get<LineDasharray>().from.empty()) {
            // dash array line (SDF)
            gfx::VertexAttributeArray vertexAttrs;
            auto propertiesAsUniforms = vertexAttrs.readDataDrivenPaintProperties<LineColor,
                                                                                  LineBlur,
                                                                                  LineOpacity,
                                                                                  LineGapWidth,
                                                                                  LineOffset,
                                                                                  LineWidth,
                                                                                  LineFloorWidth>(paintPropertyBinders,
                                                                                                  evaluated);
            auto builder = createLineBuilder("lineSDF",
                                             lineSDFShaderGroup->getOrCreateShader(context, propertiesAsUniforms));

            // vertices, attributes and segments
            addVertices(builder, bucket);
            addAttributes(builder, bucket, vertexAttrs);
            setSegments(builder, bucket);

            // finish
            builder->flush();
            const LinePatternCap cap = bucket.layout.get<LineCap>() == LineCapType::Round ? LinePatternCap::Round
                                                                                          : LinePatternCap::Square;
            for (auto& drawable : builder->clearDrawables()) {
                drawable->setTileID(tileID);
                drawable->setData(std::make_unique<gfx::LineDrawableData>(cap));
                drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LineSDFInterpolationUBOName, &lineSDFInterpolationUBO, context);

                tileLayerGroup->addDrawable(renderPass, tileID, std::move(drawable));
                ++stats.drawablesAdded;
            }
        } else if (!unevaluated.get<LinePattern>().isUndefined()) {
            // pattern line
            gfx::VertexAttributeArray vertexAttrs;
            paintPropertyBinders.setPatternParameters(patternPosA, patternPosB, crossfade);
            auto propertiesAsUniforms = vertexAttrs.readDataDrivenPaintProperties<LineBlur,
                                                                                  LineOpacity,
                                                                                  LineOffset,
                                                                                  LineGapWidth,
                                                                                  LineWidth,
                                                                                  LinePattern>(paintPropertyBinders,
                                                                                               evaluated);
            auto builder = createLineBuilder("linePattern",
                                             linePatternShaderGroup->getOrCreateShader(context, propertiesAsUniforms));

            // vertices and attributes
            addVertices(builder, bucket);
            addAttributes(builder, bucket, vertexAttrs);

            // texture
            if (const auto& atlases = tile.getAtlasTextures(); atlases && atlases->icon) {
                if (const auto samplerLocation = builder->getShader()->getSamplerLocation("u_image")) {
                    builder->setTexture(atlases->icon, samplerLocation.value());

                    // segments
                    setSegments(builder, bucket);

                    // finish
                    builder->flush();
                    for (auto& drawable : builder->clearDrawables()) {
                        drawable->setTileID(tileID);
                        drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                            LinePatternInterpolationUBOName, &linePatternInterpolationUBO, context);
                        drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                            LinePatternTilePropertiesUBOName, &linePatternTilePropertiesUBO, context);

                        tileLayerGroup->addDrawable(renderPass, tileID, std::move(drawable));
                        ++stats.drawablesAdded;
                    }
                }
            }

        } else if (!unevaluated.get<LineGradient>().getValue().isUndefined()) {
            // gradient line
            gfx::VertexAttributeArray vertexAttrs;
            auto propertiesAsUniforms =
                vertexAttrs.readDataDrivenPaintProperties<LineBlur, LineOpacity, LineGapWidth, LineOffset, LineWidth>(
                    paintPropertyBinders, evaluated);

            auto builder = createLineBuilder("lineGradient",
                                             lineGradientShaderGroup->getOrCreateShader(context, propertiesAsUniforms));

            // vertices and attributes
            addVertices(builder, bucket);
            addAttributes(builder, bucket, vertexAttrs);

            // texture
            if (const auto samplerLocation = builder->getShader()->getSamplerLocation("u_image")) {
                if (!colorRampTexture2D && colorRamp->valid()) {
                    // create texture. to be reused for all the tiles of the layer
                    colorRampTexture2D = context.createTexture2D();
                    colorRampTexture2D->setImage(colorRamp);
                    colorRampTexture2D->setSamplerConfiguration(
                        {gfx::TextureFilterType::Linear, gfx::TextureWrapType::Clamp, gfx::TextureWrapType::Clamp});
                }

                if (colorRampTexture2D) {
                    builder->setTexture(colorRampTexture2D, samplerLocation.value());

                    // segments
                    setSegments(builder, bucket);

                    // finish
                    builder->flush();
                    for (auto& drawable : builder->clearDrawables()) {
                        drawable->setTileID(tileID);
                        drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                            LineGradientInterpolationUBOName, &lineGradientInterpolationUBO, context);

                        tileLayerGroup->addDrawable(renderPass, tileID, std::move(drawable));
                        ++stats.drawablesAdded;
                    }
                }
            }

        } else {
            // simple line
            gfx::VertexAttributeArray vertexAttrs;
            auto propertiesAsUniforms = vertexAttrs.readDataDrivenPaintProperties<LineColor,
                                                                                  LineBlur,
                                                                                  LineOpacity,
                                                                                  LineGapWidth,
                                                                                  LineOffset,
                                                                                  LineWidth>(paintPropertyBinders,
                                                                                             evaluated);
            auto builder = createLineBuilder("line", lineShaderGroup->getOrCreateShader(context, propertiesAsUniforms));

            // vertices, attributes and segments
            addVertices(builder, bucket);
            addAttributes(builder, bucket, vertexAttrs);
            setSegments(builder, bucket);

            // finish
            builder->flush();
            for (auto& drawable : builder->clearDrawables()) {
                drawable->setTileID(tileID);
                drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(
                    LineInterpolationUBOName, &lineInterpolationUBO, context);

                tileLayerGroup->addDrawable(renderPass, tileID, std::move(drawable));
                ++stats.drawablesAdded;
            }
        }
    }
}
#endif

} // namespace mbgl