Support for WebGPU backend in iOS SDK, core (#4103)

2026-02-28 23:25:19 +01:00
parent 57a14cf110
commit 10453c1ec4
23 changed files with 1366 additions and 72 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/ios-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ios-ci.yml
@@ -243,6 +243,48 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build mbgl-core
        run: cmake --build build-ios --target mbgl-core ios-sdk-static app

+  ios-build-webgpu-dawn:
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Configure build with CMake
+        run: cmake --preset ios-webgpu-dawn
+
+      - name: Build mbgl-core and iOS SDK
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: cmake --build build-ios-webgpu-dawn --target mbgl-core ios-sdk-static
+
+  ios-build-webgpu-wgpu:
+    needs: pre_job
+    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true'
+    runs-on: macos-15
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@8e8c483db84b4bee98b60c0593521ed34d9990e8 # v4
+        with:
+          submodules: recursive
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Install Rust toolchain
+        uses: dtolnay/rust-toolchain@5d458579430fc14a04a08a1e7d3694f545e91ce6 # stable
+        with:
+          toolchain: stable
+
+      - name: Add iOS Rust target
+        run: rustup target add aarch64-apple-ios
+
+      - name: Configure build with CMake
+        run: cmake --preset ios-webgpu-wgpu
+
+      - name: Build mbgl-core and iOS SDK
+        continue-on-error: true
+        run: cmake --build build-ios-webgpu-wgpu --target mbgl-core ios-sdk-static
+
  ios-ci-result:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: needs.pre_job.outputs.should_skip != 'true' && always()
@@ -250,6 +292,8 @@ jobs:
      - pre_job
      - ios-build
      - ios-build-cmake
+      - ios-build-webgpu-dawn
+      - ios-build-webgpu-wgpu
    steps:
      - name: Mark result as failed
        if: needs.ios-build.result != 'success' || needs.ios-build-cmake.result != 'success'
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1206,7 +1206,15 @@ if(TARGET mbgl-vendor-wgpu)
    list(APPEND EXPORT_TARGETS mbgl-vendor-wgpu)
 endif()

-export(TARGETS ${EXPORT_TARGETS} FILE MapboxCoreTargets.cmake)
+# The Xcode generator with Dawn component targets (no monolithic library) breaks export()
+# because dawn_native/dawn_proc aren't in an export set. Skip export in that case.
+set(_can_export TRUE)
+if(TARGET mbgl-vendor-dawn AND NOT TARGET dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+    set(_can_export FALSE)
+endif()
+if(_can_export)
+    export(TARGETS ${EXPORT_TARGETS} FILE MapboxCoreTargets.cmake)
+endif()

 if(MLN_WITH_VULKAN)
    include(${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/vendor/vulkan.cmake)
--- a/CMakePresets.json
+++ b/CMakePresets.json
@@ -32,6 +32,26 @@
        "MLN_WITH_METAL": "ON"
      }
    },
+    {
+      "name": "ios-webgpu-dawn",
+      "displayName": "iOS WebGPU (Dawn)",
+      "inherits": "ios",
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build-ios-webgpu-dawn",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "MLN_WITH_WEBGPU": "ON",
+        "MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN": "ON"
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "ios-webgpu-wgpu",
+      "displayName": "iOS WebGPU (wgpu-native)",
+      "inherits": "ios",
+      "binaryDir": "${sourceDir}/build-ios-webgpu-wgpu",
+      "cacheVariables": {
+        "MLN_WITH_WEBGPU": "ON",
+        "MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU": "ON"
+      }
+    },
    {
      "name": "macos",
      "hidden": true,
--- a/docs/mdbook/src/SUMMARY.md
+++ b/docs/mdbook/src/SUMMARY.md
@@ -15,6 +15,8 @@
    - [Documentation](./platforms/ios/ios-documentation.md)
    - [Release](./platforms/ios/release.md)
    - [Development Apps](./platforms/ios/dev-apps.md)
+    - [Rendering Backends](./platforms/ios/ios-rendering-backends.md)
+      - [WebGPU](./platforms/ios/ios-webgpu.md)
  - [macOS](./platforms/macos/README.md)
  - [Linux](./platforms/linux/README.md)
    - [Using Docker](./platforms/linux/using-docker.md)
--- a/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/README.md
+++ b/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/README.md
@@ -24,15 +24,15 @@ You can find an app that uses GLFW in [`platform/glfw`](https://github.com/mapli

 ## Rendering Backends

-Originally the project only supported OpenGL 2.0. In 2023, the [renderer was modularized](https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-native/blob/main/design-proposals/2022-10-27-rendering-modularization.md) allowing for the implementation of alternate rendering backends. The first alternate rendering backend that was implemented was [Metal](https://maplibre.org/news/2024-01-19-metal-support-for-maplibre-native-ios-is-here/), followed by [Vulkan](https://maplibre.org/news/2024-12-12-maplibre-android-vulkan/). In the future other rendering backends could be implemented such as WebGPU.
+Originally the project only supported OpenGL 2.0. In 2023, the [renderer was modularized](https://github.com/maplibre/maplibre-native/blob/main/design-proposals/2022-10-27-rendering-modularization.md) allowing for the implementation of alternate rendering backends. The first alternate rendering backend that was implemented was [Metal](https://maplibre.org/news/2024-01-19-metal-support-for-maplibre-native-ios-is-here/), followed by [Vulkan](https://maplibre.org/news/2024-12-12-maplibre-android-vulkan/), and recently [WebGPU](https://maplibre.org/news/2025-10-04-maplibre-newsletter-september-2025/).

 What platforms support which rendering backend can be found below.


 | Platform | OpenGL ES 3.0  | Vulkan 1.0 | Metal  | WebGPU  |
 | -------- | -------------- | ---------- | ------ | ------- |
-| Android  | ✅             | ✅          | ❌     | ❌      |
-| iOS      | ❌             | ❌          | ✅     | ❌      |
+| Android  | ✅             | ✅          | ❌     | ✅      |
+| iOS      | ❌             | ❌          | ✅     | ✅      |
 | Linux    | ✅             | ✅          | ❌     | ✅      |
 | Windows  | ✅             | ❌          | ❌     | ❓      |
 | macOS    | ❌             | ✅          | ✅[^1] | ✅      |
--- a/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/ios/ios-rendering-backends.md
+++ b/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/ios/ios-rendering-backends.md
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+# Rendering Backends
+
+MapLibre Native for iOS supports multiple rendering backends. The backend is selected at build time through CMake presets.
+
+## Available backends
+
+| Preset | Backend | Status | Notes |
+|---|---|---|---|
+| `ios-metal` | Metal | Stable | Default, recommended for production |
+| `ios-webgpu-dawn` | WebGPU (Dawn) | Experimental | Uses Metal internally, see [WebGPU](./ios-webgpu.md) |
+| `ios-webgpu-wgpu` | WebGPU (wgpu-native) | Experimental | Uses Metal internally, see [WebGPU](./ios-webgpu.md) |
+
+## Building with a specific backend
+
+Each preset generates an Xcode project in its own build directory:
+
+```bash
+# Metal (default)
+cmake --preset ios-metal -DDEVELOPMENT_TEAM_ID=YOUR_TEAM_ID
+xed build-ios/MapLibre\ Native.xcodeproj
+
+# WebGPU (Dawn)
+cmake --preset ios-webgpu-dawn -DDEVELOPMENT_TEAM_ID=YOUR_TEAM_ID
+xed build-ios-webgpu-dawn/MapLibre\ Native.xcodeproj
+
+# WebGPU (wgpu-native)
+cmake --preset ios-webgpu-wgpu -DDEVELOPMENT_TEAM_ID=YOUR_TEAM_ID
+xed build-ios-webgpu-wgpu/MapLibre\ Native.xcodeproj
+```
+
+Then build the `app` target in Xcode, or from the command line:
+
+```bash
+cmake --build build-ios-webgpu-wgpu -- -sdk iphonesimulator -arch arm64
+```
+
+## How it works
+
+Each preset passes different CMake variables that control which native rendering code gets compiled:
+
+- `ios-metal`: `-DMLN_WITH_METAL=ON`
+- `ios-webgpu-dawn`: `-DMLN_WITH_WEBGPU=ON -DMLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN=ON`
+- `ios-webgpu-wgpu`: `-DMLN_WITH_WEBGPU=ON -DMLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU=ON`
+
+Only one backend is active per build. The Objective-C layer is shared across backends, with renderer-specific code selected at compile time via `#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN` / `#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU` conditionals in `MLNMapView+WebGPU.mm`.
--- a/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/ios/ios-webgpu.md
+++ b/docs/mdbook/src/platforms/ios/ios-webgpu.md
@@ -0,0 +1,65 @@
+# WebGPU on iOS
+
+The iOS platform supports WebGPU as a rendering backend alongside Metal. There are two WebGPU implementations: **Dawn** (Google) and **wgpu-native** (Rust). Both use Metal as the GPU backend on iOS.
+
+## Building with Dawn
+
+Dawn is fetched and built from source via CMake `FetchContent`, so no extra setup is needed. The first build takes a while because Dawn pulls in abseil, SPIRV-Tools, Tint, etc. Subsequent builds are incremental.
+
+```bash
+cmake --preset ios-webgpu-dawn
+cmake --build build-ios-webgpu-dawn -- -sdk iphonesimulator -arch arm64
+```
+
+## Building with wgpu-native
+
+wgpu-native requires a pre-built static library for the target architecture. The CMake build will attempt to build it from source if cargo is available, but cross-compilation for iOS needs some setup.
+
+### 1. Install the Rust iOS targets
+
+```bash
+# For simulator (Apple Silicon Mac)
+rustup target add aarch64-apple-ios-sim
+
+# For device
+rustup target add aarch64-apple-ios
+```
+
+### 2. Cross-compile wgpu-native
+
+For the iOS Simulator:
+
+```bash
+cd vendor/wgpu-native
+BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS="--target=arm64-apple-ios -isysroot $(xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)" \
+  cargo build --release --target aarch64-apple-ios-sim \
+  --no-default-features --features metal,wgsl,spirv,glsl
+```
+
+For a physical device:
+
+```bash
+cd vendor/wgpu-native
+BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS="--target=arm64-apple-ios -isysroot $(xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path)" \
+  cargo build --release --target aarch64-apple-ios \
+  --no-default-features --features metal,wgsl,spirv,glsl
+```
+
+The `BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS` environment variable is required so that bindgen's macro fallback can find iOS system headers when generating FFI bindings.
+
+This produces `vendor/wgpu-native/target/<target>/release/libwgpu_native.a`, which the CMake build picks up automatically.
+
+### 3. Configure and build
+
+```bash
+cmake --preset ios-webgpu-wgpu
+cmake --build build-ios-webgpu-wgpu -- -sdk iphonesimulator -arch arm64
+```
+
+If the pre-built library is not found and cargo is available, CMake will attempt to build wgpu-native automatically during configuration.
+
+## Implementation notes
+
+The native backend lives in `platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+WebGPU.mm`. It uses `#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN` / `#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU` conditionals for the API differences between the two implementations, following the same pattern as the Android and desktop backends.
+
+Both backends use a plain `UIView` with a `CAMetalLayer` (not `MTKView`) for the WebGPU surface. The rendering view has `userInteractionEnabled = NO` so touch events pass through to the parent `MLNMapView`.
--- a/platform/darwin/darwin.cmake
+++ b/platform/darwin/darwin.cmake
@@ -172,25 +172,35 @@ add_custom_target(mbgl-darwin-style-code
    DEPENDS ${MLN_GENERATED_DARWIN_STYLE_SOURCE} ${MLN_GENERATED_DARWIN_STYLE_HEADERS}
 )

-add_library(
-    custom-layer-examples
-    EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
-    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/ExampleCustomDrawableStyleLayer.mm"
-    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/CustomStyleLayerExample.m"
-    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/PluginLayerExample.mm"
-    "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/PluginLayerExampleMetalRendering.mm"
-)
+# Custom layer examples use OpenGL ES / Metal APIs directly and are not
+# available for WebGPU builds.
+if(NOT MLN_WITH_WEBGPU)
+    set(_custom_layer_sources
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/ExampleCustomDrawableStyleLayer.mm"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/CustomStyleLayerExample.m"
+        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/PluginLayerExample.mm"
+    )
+    if(MLN_WITH_METAL)
+        list(APPEND _custom_layer_sources "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app/PluginLayerExampleMetalRendering.mm")
+    endif()

-target_link_libraries(
-    custom-layer-examples
-    PUBLIC ios-sdk-static
-    PRIVATE mbgl-compiler-options mbgl-core
-)
+    add_library(
+        custom-layer-examples
+        EXCLUDE_FROM_ALL
+        ${_custom_layer_sources}
+    )

-target_include_directories(
-    custom-layer-examples
-    PUBLIC
-        "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app"
-    PRIVATE
-        "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src" # FIXME: should not use private headers
-)
+    target_link_libraries(
+        custom-layer-examples
+        PUBLIC ios-sdk-static
+        PRIVATE mbgl-compiler-options mbgl-core
+    )
+
+    target_include_directories(
+        custom-layer-examples
+        PUBLIC
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/app"
+        PRIVATE
+            "${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src" # FIXME: should not use private headers
+    )
+endif()
--- a/platform/ios/app/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/platform/ios/app/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -48,10 +48,17 @@ add_custom_command(TARGET app POST_BUILD
    COMMAND ls "$<TARGET_BUNDLE_DIR:app>"
 )

-target_link_libraries(
-  app
-  custom-layer-examples  # ios-sdk-static transitive dependency
-)
+if(TARGET custom-layer-examples)
+    target_link_libraries(
+      app
+      custom-layer-examples  # ios-sdk-static transitive dependency
+    )
+else()
+    target_link_libraries(
+      app
+      ios-sdk-static
+    )
+endif()

 foreach(resource_file ${APP_RESOURCES})
    set_source_files_properties(
--- a/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotTestViewController.h
+++ b/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotTestViewController.h
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
+
+@class MLNMapView;
+
+@interface MBXSnapshotTestViewController : UIViewController
+
+@property (nonatomic, weak) MLNMapView *sourceMapView;
+
+@end
--- a/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotTestViewController.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotTestViewController.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+#import "MBXSnapshotTestViewController.h"
+#import "MLNMapView+Impl.h"
+#import "MLNMapView_Private.h"
+#import "Mapbox.h"
+
+@interface MBXSnapshotTestViewController () <MLNMapViewDelegate>
+@property (nonatomic) UIImageView *snapshotImageView;
+@property (nonatomic, weak) id<MLNMapViewDelegate> originalDelegate;
+@property (nonatomic, weak) UIView *originalSuperview;
+@property (nonatomic) NSArray<NSLayoutConstraint *> *mapConstraints;
+@end
+
+@implementation MBXSnapshotTestViewController
+
+- (void)viewDidLoad {
+  [super viewDidLoad];
+  self.title = @"Live Snapshot";
+  self.view.backgroundColor = [UIColor blackColor];
+
+  _snapshotImageView = [[UIImageView alloc] init];
+  _snapshotImageView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeScaleAspectFit;
+  _snapshotImageView.backgroundColor = [UIColor darkGrayColor];
+  _snapshotImageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
+  [self.view addSubview:_snapshotImageView];
+
+  UILayoutGuide *safe = self.view.safeAreaLayoutGuide;
+
+  if (_sourceMapView) {
+    _originalDelegate = _sourceMapView.delegate;
+    _originalSuperview = _sourceMapView.superview;
+
+    _sourceMapView.delegate = self;
+    _sourceMapView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
+    [self.view addSubview:_sourceMapView];
+
+    _mapConstraints = @[
+      [_snapshotImageView.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.topAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.leadingAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.trailingAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.heightAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.heightAnchor multiplier:0.5],
+
+      [_sourceMapView.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:_snapshotImageView.bottomAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.leadingAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.trailingAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.bottomAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.bottomAnchor],
+    ];
+    [NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:_mapConstraints];
+  } else {
+    [NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[
+      [_snapshotImageView.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.topAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.leadingAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.trailingAnchor],
+      [_snapshotImageView.bottomAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:safe.bottomAnchor],
+    ]];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)viewWillDisappear:(BOOL)animated {
+  [super viewWillDisappear:animated];
+
+  if (self.isMovingFromParentViewController && _sourceMapView && _originalSuperview) {
+    _sourceMapView.delegate = _originalDelegate;
+
+    if (_mapConstraints) {
+      [NSLayoutConstraint deactivateConstraints:_mapConstraints];
+      _mapConstraints = nil;
+    }
+
+    // Re-pin to all edges; original storyboard constraints were
+    // removed when the map view was reparented into this VC.
+    [_originalSuperview addSubview:_sourceMapView];
+    _sourceMapView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = NO;
+    [NSLayoutConstraint activateConstraints:@[
+      [_sourceMapView.topAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:_originalSuperview.topAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.leadingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:_originalSuperview.leadingAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.trailingAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:_originalSuperview.trailingAnchor],
+      [_sourceMapView.bottomAnchor constraintEqualToAnchor:_originalSuperview.bottomAnchor],
+    ]];
+  }
+}
+
+- (void)takeSnapshot {
+  if (!_sourceMapView) return;
+  UIImage *image = [_sourceMapView viewImpl]->snapshot();
+  if (image) {
+    self.snapshotImageView.image = image;
+  }
+}
+
+#pragma mark - MLNMapViewDelegate
+
+- (void)mapViewDidFinishRenderingFrame:(MLNMapView *)mapView fullyRendered:(BOOL)fullyRendered {
+  [self takeSnapshot];
+}
+
+@end
--- a/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotsViewController.m
+++ b/platform/ios/app/MBXSnapshotsViewController.m
@@ -46,8 +46,8 @@
    MLNMapCamera* mapCamera = [[MLNMapCamera alloc] init];
    mapCamera.pitch = 20;
    mapCamera.centerCoordinate = coordinates;
-    MLNMapSnapshotOptions* options = [[MLNMapSnapshotOptions alloc] initWithStyleURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://tiles.openfreemap.org/styles/liberty"] camera:mapCamera size:CGSizeMake(imageView.frame.size.width, imageView.frame.size.height)];
-    options.zoomLevel = 10;
+    MLNMapSnapshotOptions* options = [[MLNMapSnapshotOptions alloc] initWithStyleURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://demotiles.maplibre.org/style.json"] camera:mapCamera size:CGSizeMake(imageView.frame.size.width, imageView.frame.size.height)];
+    options.zoomLevel = 5;
    options.showsAttribution = !hideAttribution;

    // Create and start the snapshotter
--- a/platform/ios/app/MBXViewController.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/app/MBXViewController.mm
@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 #import "MBXEmbeddedMapViewController.h"
 #import "MBXOfflinePacksTableViewController.h"
 #import "MBXOrnamentsViewController.h"
+#import "MBXSnapshotTestViewController.h"
 #import "MBXState.h"
 #import "MBXStateManager.h"
 #import "MBXUserLocationAnnotationView.h"
@@ -24,9 +25,13 @@
 #import "MLNMapView_Experimental.h"

 // Plug In Examples
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL || MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
 #import "MLNPluginStyleLayer.h"
 #import "PluginLayerExample.h"
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
 #import "PluginLayerExampleMetalRendering.h"
+#endif
+#endif

 static const CLLocationCoordinate2D WorldTourDestinations[] = {
    {.latitude = 38.8999418, .longitude = -77.033996},
@@ -129,6 +134,7 @@ typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, MBXSettingsMiscellaneousRows) {
  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousOrnamentsPlacement,
  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousLatLngBoundsWithPadding,
  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousCycleTileLOD,
+  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousLiveSnapshot,
  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousPrintLogFile,
  MBXSettingsMiscellaneousDeleteLogFile
 };
@@ -273,8 +279,12 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
 // This will add the plug-in layers.  This is a demo of how
 // extensible layers for the style can be added to the map view
 - (void)addPluginLayers {
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL || MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
  [self.mapView addPluginLayerType:[PluginLayerExample class]];
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
  [self.mapView addPluginLayerType:[PluginLayerExampleMetalRendering class]];
+#endif
+#endif
 }

 - (void)viewDidLoad {
@@ -513,7 +523,8 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
        [NSString
            stringWithFormat:@"Turn %@ Content Insets", (_contentInsetsEnabled ? @"Off" : @"On")],
        @"View Route Simulation", @"Ornaments Placement", @"Lat Long bounds with padding",
-        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Cycle tile LOD mode: %@", [self getTileLodModeName]]
+        [NSString stringWithFormat:@"Cycle tile LOD mode: %@", [self getTileLodModeName]],
+        @"Live Snapshot"
      ]];

      break;
@@ -862,6 +873,12 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
        case MBXSettingsMiscellaneousCycleTileLOD:
          [self cycleTileLodMode];
          break;
+        case MBXSettingsMiscellaneousLiveSnapshot: {
+          MBXSnapshotTestViewController *vc = [[MBXSnapshotTestViewController alloc] init];
+          vc.sourceMapView = self.mapView;
+          [self.navigationController pushViewController:vc animated:YES];
+          break;
+        }
        default:
          NSAssert(NO, @"All miscellaneous setting rows should be implemented");
          break;
@@ -1863,6 +1880,7 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
 }

 - (void)addCustomDrawableLayer {
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL || MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
  // Create a CustomLayer that uses the Drawable/Builder toolkit to generate and render geometry
  ExampleCustomDrawableStyleLayer *layer =
      [[ExampleCustomDrawableStyleLayer alloc] initWithIdentifier:@"custom-drawable-layer"];
@@ -1870,6 +1888,7 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
  if (layer) {
    [self.mapView.style addLayer:layer];
  }
+#endif
 }

 - (void)removeSource:(NSString *)ident {
@@ -1925,10 +1944,12 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
 }

 - (void)styleAddCustomTriangleLayer {
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL || MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
  if (CustomStyleLayerExample *layer =
          [[CustomStyleLayerExample alloc] initWithIdentifier:@"mbx-custom"]) {
    [self.mapView.style addLayer:layer];
  }
+#endif
 }

 - (void)stylePolygonWithDDS {
@@ -2505,6 +2526,9 @@ CLLocationCoordinate2D randomWorldCoordinate(void) {
  self.styleURLs = [NSMutableArray array];

  /// Style that does not require an `apiKey` nor any further configuration
+  [self.styleNames addObject:@"OpenFreeMap Liberty"];
+  [self.styleURLs addObject:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://tiles.openfreemap.org/styles/liberty"]];
+
  [self.styleNames addObject:@"MapLibre Basic"];
  [self.styleURLs addObject:[NSURL URLWithString:@"https://demotiles.maplibre.org/style.json"]];

--- a/platform/ios/ios.cmake
+++ b/platform/ios/ios.cmake
@@ -24,10 +24,12 @@ file(GLOB_RECURSE IOS_SDK_RESOURCE_FILES
 )


-if(NOT MLN_WITH_OPENGL)
-    list(FILTER IOS_SDK_SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX ".*(OpenGL|gl).*")
-elseif(NOT MLN_WITH_METAL)
-    list(FILTER IOS_SDK_SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX ".*Metal.*")
+if(MLN_WITH_METAL)
+    list(FILTER IOS_SDK_SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX ".*(OpenGL|gl|WebGPU).*")
+elseif(MLN_WITH_WEBGPU)
+    list(FILTER IOS_SDK_SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX ".*(OpenGL|gl|Metal).*")
+else()
+    list(FILTER IOS_SDK_SOURCE_FILES EXCLUDE REGEX ".*(Metal|WebGPU).*")
 endif()

 set(FRAMEWORK_BUNDLE_DIR ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/Mapbox.bundle)
@@ -92,6 +94,8 @@ set_target_properties(ios-sdk-static PROPERTIES

 if(MLN_WITH_METAL)
    message(STATUS "Configuring Metal renderer backend")
+elseif(MLN_WITH_WEBGPU)
+    message(STATUS "Configuring WebGPU renderer backend")
 endif()

 target_include_directories(
@@ -105,16 +109,28 @@ include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/vendor/calloutview.cmake")
 target_link_libraries(
    ios-sdk-static
        PUBLIC mbgl-core
-        PRIVATE mbgl-compiler-options mbgl-vendor-calloutview mbgl-vendor-metal-cpp mbgl-vendor-polylabel
+        PRIVATE mbgl-compiler-options mbgl-vendor-calloutview mbgl-vendor-polylabel
        "-framework CoreText"
        "-framework CoreImage"
        "-framework CoreGraphics"
        "-framework QuartzCore"
        "-framework UIKit"
-        "-framework MetalKit"
        "-framework ImageIO"
 )

+if(MLN_WITH_METAL)
+    target_link_libraries(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE mbgl-vendor-metal-cpp "-framework MetalKit")
+elseif(MLN_WITH_WEBGPU)
+    target_link_libraries(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE "-framework Metal")
+    if(MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN AND TARGET mbgl-vendor-dawn)
+        target_compile_definitions(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN=1)
+        target_link_libraries(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE mbgl-vendor-dawn)
+    elseif(MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU AND TARGET mbgl-vendor-wgpu)
+        target_compile_definitions(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU=1)
+        target_link_libraries(ios-sdk-static PRIVATE mbgl-vendor-wgpu)
+    endif()
+endif()
+
 target_link_options(ios-sdk-static INTERFACE -ObjC)

 add_dependencies(ios-sdk-static mbgl-darwin-style-code)
--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+Impl.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+Impl.mm
@@ -5,15 +5,24 @@

 #if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
 #import "MLNMapView+Metal.h"
-#else  // MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
+#elif MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_WEBGPU
+#import "MLNMapView+WebGPU.h"
+#elif MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
 #import "MLNMapView+OpenGL.h"
+#else
+#error "No render backend defined"
 #endif

 std::unique_ptr<MLNMapViewImpl> MLNMapViewImpl::Create(MLNMapView* nativeView) {
 #if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
  return std::make_unique<MLNMapViewMetalImpl>(nativeView);
-#else  // MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
+#elif MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_WEBGPU
+  return std::make_unique<MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl>(nativeView);
+#elif MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_OPENGL
  return std::make_unique<MLNMapViewOpenGLImpl>(nativeView);
+#else
+#error "No render backend defined"
+  return nullptr;
 #endif
 }

--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+WebGPU.h
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+WebGPU.h
@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#import "MLNMapView+Impl.h"
+#import "MLNMapView_Private.h"
+
+#include <mbgl/gfx/renderable.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/webgpu/renderer_backend.hpp>
+
+/// Adapter responsible for bridging calls from mbgl to MLNMapView and Cocoa (WebGPU backend).
+class MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl final : public MLNMapViewImpl,
+                                   public mbgl::webgpu::RendererBackend,
+                                   public mbgl::gfx::Renderable {
+public:
+  MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl(MLNMapView*);
+  ~MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl() override;
+
+  // Implementation of mbgl::gfx::RendererBackend
+public:
+  mbgl::gfx::Renderable& getDefaultRenderable() override { return *this; }
+
+  // webgpu::RendererBackend overrides
+  void* getCurrentTextureView() override;
+  void* getDepthStencilView() override;
+  mbgl::Size getFramebufferSize() const override;
+  void presentSurface();
+  void markNeedsPresent();
+
+  // Implementation of MLNMapViewImpl
+public:
+  mbgl::gfx::RendererBackend& getRendererBackend() override { return *this; }
+
+  void setOpaque(bool) override;
+  void display() override;
+  void setPresentsWithTransaction(bool) override;
+  void createView() override;
+  UIView* getView() override;
+  void deleteView() override;
+  UIImage* snapshot() override;
+  void layoutChanged() override;
+  MLNBackendResource* getObject() override;
+
+private:
+  void activate() override;
+  void deactivate() override;
+
+  void createSurface();
+  void configureSurface(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+  void createDepthStencilTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height);
+
+  class Impl;
+  std::unique_ptr<Impl> impl;
+};
--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+WebGPU.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView+WebGPU.mm
@@ -0,0 +1,802 @@
+#import "MLNDisplayUtils.h"
+#import "MLNFoundation_Private.h"
+#import "MLNLoggingConfiguration_Private.h"
+#import "MLNMapView+WebGPU.h"
+
+#import <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
+#import <mbgl/webgpu/renderable_resource.hpp>
+
+#import <Metal/Metal.h>
+#import <QuartzCore/CAMetalLayer.h>
+
+#include <webgpu/webgpu.h>
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+#include <dawn/dawn_proc.h>
+#include <dawn/native/DawnNative.h>
+#include <dawn/native/MetalBackend.h>
+#include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+#include <webgpu/webgpu_cpp.h>
+#include <wgpu.h>
+#endif
+
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cstring>
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+#include <chrono>
+#include <thread>
+#endif
+
+@interface MLNWebGPUView : UIView
+@end
+
+@implementation MLNWebGPUView
+ (Class)layerClass {
+  return [CAMetalLayer class];
+}
+@end
+
+class MLNMapViewWebGPURenderableResource final : public mbgl::webgpu::RenderableResource {
+public:
+  MLNMapViewWebGPURenderableResource(MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl& backend_) : backend(backend_) {}
+
+  void bind() override {}
+
+  void swap() override { backend.markNeedsPresent(); }
+
+  const mbgl::webgpu::RendererBackend& getBackend() const override { return backend; }
+
+  const WGPUCommandEncoder& getCommandEncoder() const override {
+    assert(false);
+    static WGPUCommandEncoder dummy = nullptr;
+    return dummy;
+  }
+
+  WGPURenderPassEncoder getRenderPassEncoder() const override {
+    assert(false);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  WGPUTextureView getColorTextureView() override {
+    return static_cast<WGPUTextureView>(backend.getCurrentTextureView());
+  }
+
+  WGPUTextureView getDepthStencilTextureView() override {
+    return static_cast<WGPUTextureView>(backend.getDepthStencilView());
+  }
+
+private:
+  MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl& backend;
+};
+
+class MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::Impl {
+public:
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  std::unique_ptr<dawn::native::Instance> instance;
+  WGPUAdapter adapter = nullptr;
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  wgpu::Instance instance;
+  wgpu::Adapter adapter;
+#endif
+  wgpu::Device device;
+  wgpu::Queue queue;
+
+  WGPUSurface surface = nullptr;
+  WGPUTextureFormat surfaceFormat = WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm;
+  bool surfaceConfigured = false;
+
+  WGPUTexture depthStencilTexture = nullptr;
+  WGPUTextureView depthStencilView = nullptr;
+
+  WGPUTexture currentTexture = nullptr;
+  WGPUTextureView currentTextureView = nullptr;
+  bool needsPresent = false;
+
+  mbgl::Size framebufferSize;
+
+  MLNWebGPUView* webGPUView = nil;
+  bool presentsWithTransaction = false;
+  NSUInteger activationCount = 0;
+};
+
+MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl(MLNMapView* nativeView_)
+    : MLNMapViewImpl(nativeView_),
+      mbgl::webgpu::RendererBackend(mbgl::gfx::ContextMode::Unique),
+      mbgl::gfx::Renderable({0, 0}, std::make_unique<MLNMapViewWebGPURenderableResource>(*this)),
+      impl(std::make_unique<Impl>()) {
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  // Required when not using the monolithic Dawn library.
+  dawnProcSetProcs(&dawn::native::GetProcs());
+
+  WGPUInstanceFeatureName instanceFeatures[] = {WGPUInstanceFeatureName_TimedWaitAny};
+  WGPUInstanceLimits instanceLimits = WGPU_INSTANCE_LIMITS_INIT;
+  instanceLimits.timedWaitAnyMaxCount = 64;
+
+  WGPUInstanceDescriptor instanceDesc = WGPU_INSTANCE_DESCRIPTOR_INIT;
+  instanceDesc.requiredFeatureCount = 1;
+  instanceDesc.requiredFeatures = instanceFeatures;
+  instanceDesc.requiredLimits = &instanceLimits;
+  impl->instance = std::make_unique<dawn::native::Instance>(&instanceDesc);
+
+  wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions metalOpts = {};
+  metalOpts.backendType = wgpu::BackendType::Metal;
+  std::vector<dawn::native::Adapter> adapters = impl->instance->EnumerateAdapters(&metalOpts);
+  if (adapters.empty()) {
+    adapters = impl->instance->EnumerateAdapters();
+  }
+  if (adapters.empty()) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: No adapters found");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  dawn::native::Adapter& selectedAdapter = adapters[0];
+
+  bool hasDepth32FloatStencil8 = false;
+  WGPUSupportedFeatures features = {};
+  wgpuAdapterGetFeatures(selectedAdapter.Get(), &features);
+  if (features.featureCount > 0 && features.features) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < features.featureCount; ++i) {
+      if (static_cast<wgpu::FeatureName>(features.features[i]) ==
+          wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8) {
+        hasDepth32FloatStencil8 = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    wgpuSupportedFeaturesFreeMembers(features);
+  }
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  wgpu::InstanceDescriptor instanceDesc = {};
+  impl->instance = wgpu::createInstance(instanceDesc);
+  if (!impl->instance) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create instance");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  wgpu::RequestAdapterOptions adapterOpts = {};
+  adapterOpts.powerPreference = wgpu::PowerPreference::HighPerformance;
+  adapterOpts.backendType = wgpu::BackendType::Metal;
+
+  impl->adapter = impl->instance.requestAdapter(adapterOpts);
+  if (!impl->adapter) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: No adapter found");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  WGPUSupportedFeatures features = {};
+  bool hasDepth32FloatStencil8 = false;
+  wgpuAdapterGetFeatures(static_cast<WGPUAdapter>(impl->adapter), &features);
+  if (features.featureCount > 0 && features.features) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < features.featureCount; ++i) {
+      if (static_cast<wgpu::FeatureName>(features.features[i]) ==
+          wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8) {
+        hasDepth32FloatStencil8 = true;
+        break;
+      }
+    }
+    wgpuSupportedFeaturesFreeMembers(features);
+  }
+#endif
+
+  std::vector<wgpu::FeatureName> requiredFeatures;
+  wgpu::TextureFormat depthStencilFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth24PlusStencil8;
+  if (hasDepth32FloatStencil8) {
+    requiredFeatures.push_back(wgpu::FeatureName::Depth32FloatStencil8);
+    depthStencilFormat = wgpu::TextureFormat::Depth32FloatStencil8;
+  }
+
+  wgpu::DeviceDescriptor deviceDesc = {};
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  deviceDesc.label = "MapLibre iOS WebGPU Device";
+  deviceDesc.SetUncapturedErrorCallback([](const wgpu::Device&, wgpu::ErrorType type,
+                                           wgpu::StringView message) {
+    NSLog(@"[WebGPU] Device error (type=%d): %.*s", (int)type, (int)message.length, message.data);
+  });
+  deviceDesc.requiredFeatures = requiredFeatures.data();
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  deviceDesc.requiredFeatures = reinterpret_cast<const WGPUFeatureName*>(requiredFeatures.data());
+#endif
+  deviceDesc.requiredFeatureCount = requiredFeatures.size();
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUDevice rawDevice = selectedAdapter.CreateDevice(&deviceDesc);
+  if (!rawDevice) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create device");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  impl->device = wgpu::Device::Acquire(rawDevice);
+  impl->queue = impl->device.GetQueue();
+  impl->adapter = selectedAdapter.Get();
+  wgpuAdapterAddRef(impl->adapter);
+
+  setDevice(impl->device.Get());
+  setQueue(impl->queue.Get());
+  setInstance(impl->instance->Get());
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  impl->device = impl->adapter.requestDevice(deviceDesc);
+  if (!impl->device) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create device");
+    return;
+  }
+
+  impl->queue = impl->device.getQueue();
+
+  setDevice(static_cast<WGPUDevice>(impl->device));
+  setQueue(static_cast<WGPUQueue>(impl->queue));
+  setInstance(static_cast<WGPUInstance>(impl->instance));
+#endif
+  setDepthStencilFormat(depthStencilFormat);
+}
+
+MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::~MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl() {
+  if (!impl) return;
+
+  if (impl->currentTextureView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->currentTextureView);
+    impl->currentTextureView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->currentTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->currentTexture);
+    impl->currentTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->depthStencilView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->depthStencilView);
+    impl->depthStencilView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->depthStencilTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureDestroy(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    impl->depthStencilTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (impl->surface) {
+    if (impl->surfaceConfigured) {
+      wgpuSurfaceUnconfigure(impl->surface);
+    }
+    wgpuSurfaceRelease(impl->surface);
+    impl->surface = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  impl->queue = nullptr;
+  impl->device = nullptr;
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  if (impl->adapter) {
+    wgpuAdapterRelease(impl->adapter);
+    impl->adapter = nullptr;
+  }
+  impl->instance.reset();
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  impl->adapter = nullptr;
+  impl->instance = nullptr;
+#endif
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::createView() {
+  if (impl->webGPUView) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  const auto scaleFactor = MLNEffectiveScaleFactorForView(mapView);
+
+  impl->webGPUView = [[MLNWebGPUView alloc] initWithFrame:mapView.bounds];
+  impl->webGPUView.autoresizingMask =
+      UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleWidth | UIViewAutoresizingFlexibleHeight;
+  impl->webGPUView.contentScaleFactor = scaleFactor;
+  impl->webGPUView.contentMode = UIViewContentModeCenter;
+  impl->webGPUView.opaque = mapView.opaque;
+  impl->webGPUView.layer.opaque = mapView.opaque;
+  impl->webGPUView.userInteractionEnabled = NO;
+
+  CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (CAMetalLayer*)impl->webGPUView.layer;
+  metalLayer.pixelFormat = MTLPixelFormatBGRA8Unorm;
+  metalLayer.framebufferOnly = NO;
+
+  CGSize drawableSize =
+      CGSizeMake(mapView.bounds.size.width * scaleFactor, mapView.bounds.size.height * scaleFactor);
+  metalLayer.drawableSize = drawableSize;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  // Dawn needs the Metal device set on the layer before creating a surface.
+  id<MTLDevice> mtlDevice = dawn::native::metal::GetMTLDevice(impl->device.Get());
+  metalLayer.device = mtlDevice;
+#endif
+
+  if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
+    metalLayer.presentsWithTransaction = impl->presentsWithTransaction;
+  }
+
+  [mapView insertSubview:impl->webGPUView atIndex:0];
+
+  createSurface();
+
+  uint32_t w = static_cast<uint32_t>(drawableSize.width);
+  uint32_t h = static_cast<uint32_t>(drawableSize.height);
+  if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
+    impl->framebufferSize = {w, h};
+    size = impl->framebufferSize;
+    configureSurface(w, h);
+  }
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::createSurface() {
+  if (!impl->webGPUView) return;
+
+  CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (CAMetalLayer*)impl->webGPUView.layer;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  if (!impl->instance) return;
+
+  WGPUSurfaceSourceMetalLayer metalDesc = WGPU_SURFACE_SOURCE_METAL_LAYER_INIT;
+  metalDesc.layer = (__bridge void*)metalLayer;
+
+  WGPUSurfaceDescriptor surfaceDesc = WGPU_SURFACE_DESCRIPTOR_INIT;
+  surfaceDesc.nextInChain = &metalDesc.chain;
+
+  WGPUInstance rawInstance = impl->instance->Get();
+  impl->surface = wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(rawInstance, &surfaceDesc);
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  if (!impl->instance) return;
+
+  WGPUSurfaceSourceMetalLayer metalDesc = {};
+  metalDesc.chain.sType = WGPUSType_SurfaceSourceMetalLayer;
+  metalDesc.chain.next = nullptr;
+  metalDesc.layer = (__bridge void*)metalLayer;
+
+  WGPUSurfaceDescriptor surfaceDesc = {};
+  surfaceDesc.nextInChain = &metalDesc.chain;
+
+  impl->surface =
+      wgpuInstanceCreateSurface(static_cast<WGPUInstance>(impl->instance), &surfaceDesc);
+#endif
+
+  if (!impl->surface) {
+    mbgl::Log::Error(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create surface");
+  }
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::configureSurface(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
+  if (!impl->surface || !impl->device || width == 0 || height == 0) return;
+
+  WGPUSurfaceCapabilities capabilities = {};
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUStatus capStatus = wgpuSurfaceGetCapabilities(impl->surface, impl->adapter, &capabilities);
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  WGPUStatus capStatus = wgpuSurfaceGetCapabilities(
+      impl->surface, static_cast<WGPUAdapter>(impl->adapter), &capabilities);
+#endif
+
+  WGPUCompositeAlphaMode selectedAlphaMode = WGPUCompositeAlphaMode_Opaque;
+  WGPUPresentMode selectedPresentMode = WGPUPresentMode_Fifo;
+
+  if (capStatus == WGPUStatus_Success) {
+    const WGPUTextureFormat preferredFormats[] = {
+        WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm,
+        WGPUTextureFormat_RGBA8Unorm,
+    };
+    for (auto preferred : preferredFormats) {
+      for (size_t i = 0; i < capabilities.formatCount; ++i) {
+        if (capabilities.formats[i] == preferred) {
+          impl->surfaceFormat = preferred;
+          goto formatFound;
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    if (capabilities.formatCount > 0) {
+      impl->surfaceFormat = capabilities.formats[0];
+    }
+  formatFound:
+
+    if (capabilities.alphaModeCount > 0) {
+      selectedAlphaMode = capabilities.alphaModes[0];
+    }
+    if (capabilities.presentModeCount > 0) {
+      selectedPresentMode = capabilities.presentModes[0];
+    }
+
+    wgpuSurfaceCapabilitiesFreeMembers(capabilities);
+  }
+
+  setColorFormat(static_cast<wgpu::TextureFormat>(impl->surfaceFormat));
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUSurfaceConfiguration config = WGPU_SURFACE_CONFIGURATION_INIT;
+  config.device = impl->device.Get();
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  WGPUSurfaceConfiguration config = {};
+  config.device = static_cast<WGPUDevice>(impl->device);
+#endif
+  config.format = impl->surfaceFormat;
+  config.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment | WGPUTextureUsage_CopySrc;
+  config.alphaMode = selectedAlphaMode;
+  config.width = width;
+  config.height = height;
+  config.presentMode = selectedPresentMode;
+
+  wgpuSurfaceConfigure(impl->surface, &config);
+  impl->surfaceConfigured = true;
+
+  createDepthStencilTexture(width, height);
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::createDepthStencilTexture(uint32_t width, uint32_t height) {
+  if (impl->depthStencilView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->depthStencilView);
+    impl->depthStencilView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->depthStencilTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureDestroy(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    impl->depthStencilTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (!impl->device || width == 0 || height == 0) return;
+
+  WGPUTextureFormat dsFormat = static_cast<WGPUTextureFormat>(getDepthStencilFormat());
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUTextureDescriptor depthDesc = WGPU_TEXTURE_DESCRIPTOR_INIT;
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  WGPUTextureDescriptor depthDesc = {};
+#endif
+  depthDesc.usage = WGPUTextureUsage_RenderAttachment;
+  depthDesc.dimension = WGPUTextureDimension_2D;
+  depthDesc.size = {width, height, 1};
+  depthDesc.format = dsFormat;
+  depthDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
+  depthDesc.sampleCount = 1;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  impl->depthStencilTexture = wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(impl->device.Get(), &depthDesc);
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  impl->depthStencilTexture =
+      wgpuDeviceCreateTexture(static_cast<WGPUDevice>(impl->device), &depthDesc);
+#endif
+  if (!impl->depthStencilTexture) {
+    mbgl::Log::Warning(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create depth/stencil texture");
+    return;
+  }
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUTextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = WGPU_TEXTURE_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR_INIT;
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  WGPUTextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
+#endif
+  viewDesc.format = dsFormat;
+  viewDesc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
+  viewDesc.baseMipLevel = 0;
+  viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
+  viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+  viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
+  viewDesc.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;
+
+  impl->depthStencilView = wgpuTextureCreateView(impl->depthStencilTexture, &viewDesc);
+  if (!impl->depthStencilView) {
+    mbgl::Log::Warning(mbgl::Event::Render, "WebGPU iOS: Failed to create depth/stencil view");
+  }
+}
+
+void* MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::getCurrentTextureView() {
+  if (!impl->surface || !impl->surfaceConfigured) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  presentSurface();
+
+  WGPUSurfaceTexture surfaceTexture = {};
+  wgpuSurfaceGetCurrentTexture(impl->surface, &surfaceTexture);
+
+  if (!surfaceTexture.texture) {
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  auto status = static_cast<WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus>(surfaceTexture.status);
+  if (status == WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_Outdated ||
+      status == WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_Lost) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(surfaceTexture.texture);
+    configureSurface(impl->framebufferSize.width, impl->framebufferSize.height);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (status != WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_SuccessOptimal &&
+      status != WGPUSurfaceGetCurrentTextureStatus_SuccessSuboptimal) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(surfaceTexture.texture);
+    return nullptr;
+  }
+
+  impl->currentTexture = surfaceTexture.texture;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUTextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = WGPU_TEXTURE_VIEW_DESCRIPTOR_INIT;
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  WGPUTextureViewDescriptor viewDesc = {};
+#endif
+  viewDesc.format = impl->surfaceFormat;
+  viewDesc.dimension = WGPUTextureViewDimension_2D;
+  viewDesc.baseMipLevel = 0;
+  viewDesc.mipLevelCount = 1;
+  viewDesc.baseArrayLayer = 0;
+  viewDesc.arrayLayerCount = 1;
+  viewDesc.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;
+
+  impl->currentTextureView = wgpuTextureCreateView(impl->currentTexture, &viewDesc);
+
+  return impl->currentTextureView;
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::markNeedsPresent() { impl->needsPresent = true; }
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::presentSurface() {
+  if (!impl->surface || !impl->surfaceConfigured || !impl->needsPresent) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  impl->needsPresent = false;
+
+  if (impl->currentTextureView) {
+    wgpuSurfacePresent(impl->surface);
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->currentTextureView);
+    impl->currentTextureView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->currentTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->currentTexture);
+    impl->currentTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (impl->device) {
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+    wgpuDeviceTick(impl->device.Get());
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+    wgpuDevicePoll(static_cast<WGPUDevice>(impl->device), false, nullptr);
+#endif
+  }
+}
+
+void* MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::getDepthStencilView() { return impl->depthStencilView; }
+
+mbgl::Size MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::getFramebufferSize() const { return impl->framebufferSize; }
+
+UIView* MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::getView() { return impl->webGPUView; }
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::setOpaque(const bool opaque) {
+  impl->webGPUView.opaque = opaque;
+  impl->webGPUView.layer.opaque = opaque;
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::setPresentsWithTransaction(const bool value) {
+  impl->presentsWithTransaction = value;
+
+  if (@available(iOS 13.0, *)) {
+    if (CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = MLN_OBJC_DYNAMIC_CAST(impl->webGPUView.layer, CAMetalLayer)) {
+      metalLayer.presentsWithTransaction = value;
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::display() { render(); }
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::deleteView() {
+  if (impl->currentTextureView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->currentTextureView);
+    impl->currentTextureView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->currentTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->currentTexture);
+    impl->currentTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->depthStencilView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->depthStencilView);
+    impl->depthStencilView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->depthStencilTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureDestroy(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->depthStencilTexture);
+    impl->depthStencilTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (impl->surface) {
+    if (impl->surfaceConfigured) {
+      wgpuSurfaceUnconfigure(impl->surface);
+      impl->surfaceConfigured = false;
+    }
+    wgpuSurfaceRelease(impl->surface);
+    impl->surface = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  [impl->webGPUView removeFromSuperview];
+  impl->webGPUView = nil;
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::layoutChanged() {
+  const auto scaleFactor = MLNEffectiveScaleFactorForView(mapView);
+  const auto screenSize = mapView.bounds.size;
+
+  impl->webGPUView.contentScaleFactor = scaleFactor;
+
+  CGSize drawableSize = CGSizeMake(screenSize.width * scaleFactor, screenSize.height * scaleFactor);
+
+  CAMetalLayer* metalLayer = (CAMetalLayer*)impl->webGPUView.layer;
+  metalLayer.drawableSize = drawableSize;
+
+  uint32_t w = static_cast<uint32_t>(drawableSize.width);
+  uint32_t h = static_cast<uint32_t>(drawableSize.height);
+
+  impl->framebufferSize = {w, h};
+  size = impl->framebufferSize;
+
+  if (impl->currentTextureView) {
+    wgpuTextureViewRelease(impl->currentTextureView);
+    impl->currentTextureView = nullptr;
+  }
+  if (impl->currentTexture) {
+    wgpuTextureRelease(impl->currentTexture);
+    impl->currentTexture = nullptr;
+  }
+
+  if (w > 0 && h > 0) {
+    configureSurface(w, h);
+  }
+}
+
+UIImage* MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::snapshot() {
+  if (!impl->currentTexture || !impl->device || !impl->queue || impl->framebufferSize.width == 0 ||
+      impl->framebufferSize.height == 0) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  const auto& fbSize = impl->framebufferSize;
+  constexpr uint32_t bytesPerPixel = 4;
+  constexpr uint32_t bytesPerRowAlignment = 256u;
+  const uint32_t rowStride = fbSize.width * bytesPerPixel;
+  const uint32_t alignedRowStride =
+      ((rowStride + bytesPerRowAlignment - 1) / bytesPerRowAlignment) * bytesPerRowAlignment;
+  const uint64_t alignedDataSize = static_cast<uint64_t>(alignedRowStride) * fbSize.height;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  auto device = impl->device.Get();
+  auto queue = impl->queue.Get();
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  auto device = static_cast<WGPUDevice>(impl->device);
+  auto queue = static_cast<WGPUQueue>(impl->queue);
+#endif
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  wgpuDeviceTick(device);
+#endif
+
+  WGPUBufferDescriptor bufferDesc = {};
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  WGPUStringView bufferLabel = {"Snapshot Buffer", strlen("Snapshot Buffer")};
+  bufferDesc.label = bufferLabel;
+#endif
+  bufferDesc.size = alignedDataSize;
+  bufferDesc.usage = WGPUBufferUsage_CopyDst | WGPUBufferUsage_MapRead;
+
+  WGPUBuffer stagingBuffer = wgpuDeviceCreateBuffer(device, &bufferDesc);
+  if (!stagingBuffer) {
+    return nil;
+  }
+
+  WGPUCommandEncoder encoder = wgpuDeviceCreateCommandEncoder(device, nullptr);
+  if (encoder) {
+    WGPUTexelCopyTextureInfo src = {};
+    src.texture = impl->currentTexture;
+    src.mipLevel = 0;
+    src.origin = {0, 0, 0};
+    src.aspect = WGPUTextureAspect_All;
+
+    WGPUTexelCopyBufferInfo dst = {};
+    dst.buffer = stagingBuffer;
+    dst.layout.offset = 0;
+    dst.layout.bytesPerRow = alignedRowStride;
+    dst.layout.rowsPerImage = fbSize.height;
+
+    WGPUExtent3D copySize = {fbSize.width, fbSize.height, 1};
+    wgpuCommandEncoderCopyTextureToBuffer(encoder, &src, &dst, &copySize);
+
+    WGPUCommandBuffer commands = wgpuCommandEncoderFinish(encoder, nullptr);
+    wgpuQueueSubmit(queue, 1, &commands);
+    wgpuCommandBufferRelease(commands);
+    wgpuCommandEncoderRelease(encoder);
+  }
+
+  struct MapContext {
+    WGPUMapAsyncStatus status = WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Error;
+    bool completed = false;
+  };
+  MapContext mapContext;
+
+  WGPUBufferMapCallbackInfo callbackInfo = {};
+  callbackInfo.callback = [](WGPUMapAsyncStatus status, WGPUStringView, void* userdata1, void*) {
+    auto* ctx = static_cast<MapContext*>(userdata1);
+    ctx->status = status;
+    ctx->completed = true;
+  };
+  callbackInfo.userdata1 = &mapContext;
+
+#if MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_DAWN
+  callbackInfo.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_WaitAnyOnly;
+  WGPUFuture future =
+      wgpuBufferMapAsync(stagingBuffer, WGPUMapMode_Read, 0, alignedDataSize, callbackInfo);
+
+  WGPUInstance instance = impl->instance->Get();
+  if (instance) {
+    WGPUFutureWaitInfo waitInfo = {};
+    waitInfo.future = future;
+    waitInfo.completed = false;
+    wgpuInstanceWaitAny(instance, 1, &waitInfo, UINT64_MAX);
+  }
+#elif MLN_WEBGPU_IMPL_WGPU
+  callbackInfo.mode = WGPUCallbackMode_AllowProcessEvents;
+  wgpuBufferMapAsync(stagingBuffer, WGPUMapMode_Read, 0, alignedDataSize, callbackInfo);
+
+  for (int i = 0; i < 1000 && !mapContext.completed; ++i) {
+    wgpuDevicePoll(device, true, nullptr);
+    if (!mapContext.completed) {
+      std::this_thread::sleep_for(std::chrono::milliseconds(1));
+    }
+  }
+#endif
+
+  UIImage* result = nil;
+
+  if (mapContext.status == WGPUMapAsyncStatus_Success) {
+    const auto* mappedData = static_cast<const uint8_t*>(
+        wgpuBufferGetConstMappedRange(stagingBuffer, 0, alignedDataSize));
+    if (mappedData) {
+      auto rgbaData = std::make_unique<uint8_t[]>(static_cast<size_t>(rowStride) * fbSize.height);
+      const bool swizzle = (impl->surfaceFormat == WGPUTextureFormat_BGRA8Unorm);
+      for (uint32_t row = 0; row < fbSize.height; ++row) {
+        const auto* src = mappedData + static_cast<size_t>(row) * alignedRowStride;
+        auto* dst = rgbaData.get() + static_cast<size_t>(row) * rowStride;
+        if (swizzle) {
+          for (uint32_t x = 0; x < fbSize.width; ++x) {
+            dst[x * 4 + 0] = src[x * 4 + 2];
+            dst[x * 4 + 1] = src[x * 4 + 1];
+            dst[x * 4 + 2] = src[x * 4 + 0];
+            dst[x * 4 + 3] = src[x * 4 + 3];
+          }
+        } else {
+          std::memcpy(dst, src, rowStride);
+        }
+      }
+
+      CGColorSpaceRef colorSpace = CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();
+      CGContextRef ctx =
+          CGBitmapContextCreate(rgbaData.get(), fbSize.width, fbSize.height, 8, rowStride,
+                                colorSpace, kCGImageAlphaPremultipliedLast);
+      if (ctx) {
+        CGImageRef cgImage = CGBitmapContextCreateImage(ctx);
+        if (cgImage) {
+          const CGFloat scale = impl->webGPUView.contentScaleFactor;
+          result = [UIImage imageWithCGImage:cgImage scale:scale orientation:UIImageOrientationUp];
+          CGImageRelease(cgImage);
+        }
+        CGContextRelease(ctx);
+      }
+      CGColorSpaceRelease(colorSpace);
+    }
+  }
+
+  wgpuBufferUnmap(stagingBuffer);
+  wgpuBufferRelease(stagingBuffer);
+
+  presentSurface();
+
+  return result;
+}
+
+MLNBackendResource* MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::getObject() { return [[MLNBackendResource alloc] init]; }
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::activate() {
+  if (impl->activationCount++) {
+    return;
+  }
+}
+
+void MLNMapViewWebGPUImpl::deactivate() {
+  if (--impl->activationCount) {
+    return;
+  }
+}
--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm
@@ -8,8 +8,10 @@
 #include <mbgl/map/map_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/map/mode.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/math/wrap.hpp>
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
 #include <mbgl/mtl/mtl_fwd.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/mtl/render_pass.hpp>
+#endif
 #include <mbgl/plugin/plugin_layer.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/plugin/plugin_layer_factory.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/plugin/plugin_layer_impl.hpp>
@@ -7602,10 +7604,13 @@ static void *windowScreenContext = &windowScreenContext;

    // Set the render function
    auto renderFunction = [weakPlugInLayer, weakMapView](mbgl::PaintParameters &paintParameters) {
+#if MLN_RENDER_BACKEND_METAL
      const mbgl::mtl::RenderPass &renderPass =
          static_cast<mbgl::mtl::RenderPass &>(*paintParameters.renderPass);
-      id<MTLRenderCommandEncoder> encoder =
-          (__bridge id<MTLRenderCommandEncoder>)renderPass.getMetalEncoder().get();
+      id encoder = (__bridge id)renderPass.getMetalEncoder().get();
+#else
+      id encoder = nil;
+#endif

      MLNMapView *strongMapView = weakMapView;

--- a/vendor/dawn.cmake
+++ b/vendor/dawn.cmake
@@ -57,18 +57,48 @@ set(DAWN_BUILD_SAMPLES OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable Dawn samples" FORCE)
 set(DAWN_BUILD_TESTS OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable Dawn tests" FORCE)
 set(DAWN_BUILD_BENCHMARKS OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable Dawn benchmarks" FORCE)
 set(DAWN_BUILD_NODE_BINDINGS OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable Dawn Node bindings" FORCE)
+set(TINT_BUILD_CMD_TOOLS OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable Tint command line tools" FORCE)
 set(DAWN_WERROR OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable -Werror in Dawn" FORCE)
+set(DAWN_BUILD_PROTOBUF OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable protobuf for cross-compilation" FORCE)

-if(NOT TARGET dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+# GLFW is not available on iOS (Dawn auto-detects it via UNIX AND NOT ANDROID)
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "iOS")
+    include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/dawn.ios.cmake")
+endif()
+
+# The Xcode generator does not properly handle $<TARGET_OBJECTS:...> in add_library(),
+# which breaks Dawn's bundle_libraries() macro. Disable the monolithic library for Xcode
+# and link individual Dawn component targets instead.
+if(CMAKE_GENERATOR STREQUAL "Xcode")
+    set(DAWN_BUILD_MONOLITHIC_LIBRARY "OFF" CACHE STRING "" FORCE)
+endif()
+
+if(NOT TARGET dawn_native)
    if(APPLE)
        enable_language(OBJC OBJCXX)
    endif()
    add_subdirectory(${DAWN_DIR} ${DAWN_BUILD_DIR})
 endif()

+# Tint's MSL validator includes Metal headers which use GNU anonymous structs.
+# Tint compiles with -pedantic-errors, turning these into build errors.
+if(TARGET tint_lang_msl_validate)
+    target_compile_options(tint_lang_msl_validate PRIVATE
+        -Wno-gnu-anonymous-struct -Wno-nested-anon-types)
+endif()
+
 add_library(mbgl-vendor-dawn INTERFACE)

-target_link_libraries(mbgl-vendor-dawn INTERFACE dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+if(TARGET dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+    target_link_libraries(mbgl-vendor-dawn INTERFACE dawn::webgpu_dawn)
+else()
+    # Xcode path: link individual Dawn component targets.
+    # Use BUILD_INTERFACE to avoid export-set requirements.
+    target_link_libraries(mbgl-vendor-dawn INTERFACE
+        $<BUILD_INTERFACE:dawn_native>
+        $<BUILD_INTERFACE:dawn_proc>
+    )
+endif()

 target_include_directories(mbgl-vendor-dawn
    SYSTEM INTERFACE
--- a/vendor/dawn.ios.cmake
+++ b/vendor/dawn.ios.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,2 @@
+# GLFW is not available on iOS (Dawn auto-detects it via UNIX AND NOT ANDROID)
+set(DAWN_USE_GLFW OFF CACHE BOOL "Disable GLFW on iOS" FORCE)
--- a/vendor/wgpu.android.cmake
+++ b/vendor/wgpu.android.cmake
@@ -9,14 +9,7 @@ elseif(CMAKE_ANDROID_ARCH_ABI STREQUAL "x86")
 endif()
 set(_wgpu_lib_name "libwgpu_native.a")

-macro(mln_wgpu_android_find_library)
-    foreach(_search_path ${_wgpu_lib_search_paths})
-        if(EXISTS "${_search_path}/${_wgpu_lib_name}")
-            set(WGPU_LIBRARY "${_search_path}/${_wgpu_lib_name}" CACHE FILEPATH "wgpu-native library")
-            break()
-        endif()
-    endforeach()
-endmacro()
+

 macro(mln_wgpu_android_link_library target)
    find_package(Threads REQUIRED)
--- a/vendor/wgpu.cmake
+++ b/vendor/wgpu.cmake
@@ -25,10 +25,14 @@ endif()

 # Platform-specific library names and paths
 if(APPLE)
-    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm64|aarch64")
-        set(_wgpu_lib_arch "aarch64-apple-darwin")
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "iOS")
+        include("${CMAKE_CURRENT_LIST_DIR}/wgpu.ios.cmake")
    else()
-        set(_wgpu_lib_arch "x86_64-apple-darwin")
+        if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "arm64|aarch64")
+            set(_wgpu_lib_arch "aarch64-apple-darwin")
+        else()
+            set(_wgpu_lib_arch "x86_64-apple-darwin")
+        endif()
    endif()
    set(_wgpu_lib_name "libwgpu_native.a")
 elseif(ANDROID)
@@ -53,24 +57,37 @@ endif()
 # Search platform-specific path first to prefer cross-compiled libraries
 set(_wgpu_lib_search_paths
    "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/target/${_wgpu_lib_arch}/release"
+)
+if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "iOS")
+    mln_wgpu_ios_append_search_paths(_wgpu_lib_search_paths)
+endif()
+list(APPEND _wgpu_lib_search_paths
    "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/target/release"
    "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/lib"
    "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/build/release"
 )

-# On Android, prefer the static library to avoid needing to ship a separate .so
-if(ANDROID)
-    mln_wgpu_android_find_library()
-else()
-    find_library(WGPU_LIBRARY
-        NAMES wgpu_native libwgpu_native
-        PATHS ${_wgpu_lib_search_paths}
-        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
-        NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
-    )
-endif()
+# On Android/iOS, use manual path search since find_library may not work with cross-compilation toolchains
+macro(mln_wgpu_find_library)
+    if(ANDROID OR CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "iOS")
+        foreach(_search_path ${_wgpu_lib_search_paths})
+            if(EXISTS "${_search_path}/${_wgpu_lib_name}")
+                set(WGPU_LIBRARY "${_search_path}/${_wgpu_lib_name}" CACHE FILEPATH "wgpu-native library")
+                break()
+            endif()
+        endforeach()
+    else()
+        find_library(WGPU_LIBRARY
+            NAMES wgpu_native libwgpu_native
+            PATHS ${_wgpu_lib_search_paths}
+            NO_DEFAULT_PATH
+            NO_CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
+        )
+    endif()
+endmacro()
+
+mln_wgpu_find_library()

-# If not found, try to build it using cargo
 if(NOT WGPU_LIBRARY)
    message(STATUS "Pre-built wgpu-native library not found, attempting to build from source...")

@@ -89,8 +106,22 @@ if(NOT WGPU_LIBRARY)
    # Build wgpu-native using cargo
    message(STATUS "Building wgpu-native with cargo (this may take a few minutes)...")

+    # For cross-compilation targets (iOS, Android), pass --target and platform-specific features
+    set(_cargo_extra_args "")
+    if(_wgpu_lib_arch AND NOT _wgpu_lib_arch MATCHES "apple-darwin$")
+        list(APPEND _cargo_extra_args --target ${_wgpu_lib_arch})
+    endif()
+    if(_wgpu_cargo_features)
+        list(APPEND _cargo_extra_args ${_wgpu_cargo_features})
+    endif()
+
+    set(_cargo_env_prefix "")
+    if(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "iOS")
+        mln_wgpu_ios_setup_cargo_env(_cargo_env_prefix)
+    endif()
+
    execute_process(
-        COMMAND ${CARGO_EXECUTABLE} build --release
+        COMMAND ${_cargo_env_prefix} ${CARGO_EXECUTABLE} build --release ${_cargo_extra_args}
        WORKING_DIRECTORY ${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}
        RESULT_VARIABLE _cargo_result
        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _cargo_output
@@ -105,11 +136,7 @@ if(NOT WGPU_LIBRARY)
    endif()

    # Try to find the library again
-    find_library(WGPU_LIBRARY
-        NAMES wgpu_native libwgpu_native
-        PATHS ${_wgpu_lib_search_paths}
-        NO_DEFAULT_PATH
-    )
+    mln_wgpu_find_library()

    if(NOT WGPU_LIBRARY)
        message(FATAL_ERROR "Failed to locate wgpu-native library after building")
--- a/vendor/wgpu.ios.cmake
+++ b/vendor/wgpu.ios.cmake
@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+if(CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT MATCHES "[Ss]imulator")
+    set(_wgpu_lib_arch "aarch64-apple-ios-sim")
+else()
+    set(_wgpu_lib_arch "aarch64-apple-ios")
+endif()
+set(_wgpu_cargo_features "--no-default-features;--features;metal,wgsl,spirv,glsl")
+
+macro(mln_wgpu_ios_append_search_paths paths)
+    # With the Xcode generator, CMAKE_OSX_SYSROOT is "iphoneos" at configure time even when
+    # the user builds for simulator. Search both iOS architectures so the right one is found.
+    if(_wgpu_lib_arch STREQUAL "aarch64-apple-ios")
+        list(APPEND ${paths} "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/target/aarch64-apple-ios-sim/release")
+    else()
+        list(APPEND ${paths} "${_mln_wgpu_source_dir}/target/aarch64-apple-ios/release")
+    endif()
+endmacro()
+
+
+
+macro(mln_wgpu_ios_setup_cargo_env env_prefix_var)
+    # On iOS, bindgen's clang_macro_fallback() uses a separate clang process that
+    # doesn't inherit the .clang_arg() settings from build.rs. We must set
+    # BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS so it can find system headers (needed for UINT32_MAX etc.)
+    execute_process(
+        COMMAND xcrun --sdk iphoneos --show-sdk-path
+        OUTPUT_VARIABLE _ios_sdk_path
+        OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE
+    )
+    set(${env_prefix_var} ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E env "BINDGEN_EXTRA_CLANG_ARGS=--target=arm64-apple-ios -isysroot ${_ios_sdk_path}")
+endmacro()