From 8384c8bd241bcc70c974449475a9a8ca64a1e626 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: tei <tei@Mac-mini-tei.lan>
Date: Tue, 22 Sep 2026 16:18:58 +0900
Subject: [PATCH] feat: add retained underlay runtime controls

---
 CMakeLists.txt                                |   2 +
 include/mbgl/map/map.hpp                      |   6 +
 include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp   |  17 +
 .../MapLibreParticleRNTestHost/App.tsx        |  38 +-
 .../weather/WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule.kt     |  15 +
 .../ios/WeatherRuntimeBridge.mm               |  14 +
 .../src/NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge.ts         |   3 +
 .../src/RendererRuntime.ts                    |  18 +
 packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/index.ts    |   2 +
 packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/types.ts    |   8 +
 .../src/cpp/native_map_view.cpp               |  23 +
 .../src/cpp/native_map_view.hpp               |   4 +
 .../maplibre/android/maps/MapLibreMap.java    |  16 +
 .../org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMap.java  |   4 +
 .../maplibre/android/maps/NativeMapView.java  |  22 +
 .../maps/RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics.java     |  27 +
 .../ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity.kt    | 696 ++++++++++++++++--
 ...ctivity_particle_core_layer_validation.xml |   5 +-
 platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.h                 |  21 +
 platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm                |  54 ++
 src/mbgl/map/map.cpp                          |  14 +
 src/mbgl/map/map_impl.cpp                     |   1 +
 src/mbgl/map/map_impl.hpp                     |   3 +
 src/mbgl/renderer/renderer.cpp                |   1 +
 src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.cpp           |  31 +-
 src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.hpp           |   2 +
 src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp |  63 +-
 src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp |   6 +
 .../retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp       |  94 +++
 src/mbgl/renderer/update_parameters.hpp       |   4 +
 .../renderer/retained_underlay_cache.test.cpp |  26 +
 31 files changed, 1181 insertions(+), 59 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp
 create mode 100644 packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/RendererRuntime.ts
 create mode 100644 platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics.java
 create mode 100644 src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp

diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index c11962a22..390312c3d 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -182,6 +182,7 @@ list(APPEND SRC_FILES
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/render_target.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/change_request.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/layer_group.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/renderer/tile_layer_group.cpp
@@ -307,6 +308,7 @@ list(APPEND INCLUDE_FILES
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/renderer_observer.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/renderer_state.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/renderer.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/program_parameters.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/shader_source.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/storage/database_file_source.hpp
diff --git a/include/mbgl/map/map.hpp b/include/mbgl/map/map.hpp
index 464b36f25..439f953ea 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/map/map.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/map/map.hpp
@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/storage/resource_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/client_options.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/action_journal_options.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <string>
@@ -55,6 +56,11 @@ public:
     /// Triggers a repaint.
     void triggerRepaint();
 
+    /** Enables or disables the map-scoped retained static underlay optimization. */
+    void setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(bool);
+    bool isRetainedUnderlayEnabled() const;
+    RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics() const;
+
     style::Style& getStyle();
     const style::Style& getStyle() const;
 
diff --git a/include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp b/include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..62ca5ac2a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+struct RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics {
+    bool enabled = true;
+    uint64_t build = 0;
+    uint64_t reuse = 0;
+    uint64_t fallback = 0;
+    uint64_t invalidation = 0;
+    std::string lastReason;
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/integration/react-native/MapLibreParticleRNTestHost/App.tsx b/integration/react-native/MapLibreParticleRNTestHost/App.tsx
index c04521451..a253c8e64 100644
--- a/integration/react-native/MapLibreParticleRNTestHost/App.tsx
+++ b/integration/react-native/MapLibreParticleRNTestHost/App.tsx
@@ -10,7 +10,12 @@ import {
   findNodeHandle,
 } from "react-native";
 import { Camera, Map } from "@maplibre/maplibre-react-native";
-import { FieldRuntime, type RuntimeSnapshot } from "@navsea/maplibre-particle-rn";
+import {
+  FieldRuntime,
+  RendererRuntime,
+  type RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics,
+  type RuntimeSnapshot,
+} from "@navsea/maplibre-particle-rn";
 import {
   materializeV4Frame as materializeV2Frame,
   qbinGoldenDatasets,
@@ -60,6 +65,8 @@ function valueSourceFor(id: WeatherDatasetId): "SCALAR" | "VECTOR_MAGNITUDE" {
 export default function App() {
   const [reactTag, setReactTag] = useState<number | null>(null);
   const [snapshot, setSnapshot] = useState<RuntimeSnapshot>(initialSnapshot);
+  const [retainedSnapshot, setRetainedSnapshot] =
+    useState<RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics | null>(null);
   const [mapStatus, setMapStatus] = useState("LOADING");
   const [weatherStatus, setWeatherStatus] = useState("WAITING");
   const [result, setResult] = useState("Waiting for map/style");
@@ -81,6 +88,9 @@ export default function App() {
   const refresh = useCallback(async (tag: number) => {
     setSnapshot(await FieldRuntime.getState(tag));
   }, []);
+  const refreshRetained = useCallback(async (tag: number) => {
+    setRetainedSnapshot(await RendererRuntime.getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(tag));
+  }, []);
   const applyVisualToTag = useCallback(async (tag: number) => {
     const results = await Promise.all([
       FieldRuntime.setParticleCount(tag, Number(visual.count)),
@@ -254,12 +264,12 @@ export default function App() {
     try {
       await FieldRuntime.attach(tag);
       setReactTag(tag);
-      await refresh(tag);
+      await Promise.all([refresh(tag), refreshRetained(tag)]);
       setResult("FieldRuntime attached / particle.10");
     } catch (error) {
       setResult("attach error: " + String(error));
     }
-  }, [refresh]);
+  }, [refresh, refreshRetained]);
   const onStyleReady = useCallback((event: unknown) => {
     const tag = findNodeHandle((event as { target?: unknown }).target as never);
     if (tag != null) void attach(tag);
@@ -300,6 +310,12 @@ export default function App() {
       setParticleVisible(next);
     }
   }, [particleVisible, reactTag]);
+  const toggleRetained = useCallback(async () => {
+    if (reactTag == null) return;
+    const next = !(retainedSnapshot?.enabled ?? true);
+    const result = await RendererRuntime.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(reactTag, next);
+    if (result === "ACCEPTED") await refreshRetained(reactTag);
+  }, [reactTag, refreshRetained, retainedSnapshot?.enabled]);
 
   const updateVisual = useCallback(
     (key: keyof typeof initialVisual, value: string) => {
@@ -344,6 +360,22 @@ export default function App() {
             </Text>
             <Text selectable>Source: {activeSource}</Text>
             <Text selectable>{result}</Text>
+            <Text selectable>
+              Retained: {retainedSnapshot == null ? "not read" :
+                `${retainedSnapshot.enabled ? "ON" : "OFF"} build=${retainedSnapshot.build} reuse=${retainedSnapshot.reuse} fallback=${retainedSnapshot.fallback} invalidation=${retainedSnapshot.invalidation} reason=${retainedSnapshot.lastReason}`}
+            </Text>
+            <View style={styles.row}>
+              <Button
+                title={`Retained ${retainedSnapshot?.enabled === false ? "OFF" : "ON"}`}
+                disabled={reactTag == null}
+                onPress={() => void toggleRetained()}
+              />
+              <Button
+                title="Refresh retained"
+                disabled={reactTag == null}
+                onPress={() => reactTag != null && void refreshRetained(reactTag)}
+              />
+            </View>
 
             <Text>QBIN Format</Text>
             <View style={styles.row}>
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/android/src/main/java/org/navsea/maplibre/particle/weather/WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule.kt b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/android/src/main/java/org/navsea/maplibre/particle/weather/WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule.kt
index 5b4f8721b..ebed4bfda 100644
--- a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/android/src/main/java/org/navsea/maplibre/particle/weather/WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule.kt
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/android/src/main/java/org/navsea/maplibre/particle/weather/WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule.kt
@@ -63,6 +63,21 @@ class WeatherRuntimeBridgeModule(private val context: ReactApplicationContext) :
     }
 
     @ReactMethod override fun getState(reactTag: Double, promise: Promise) = withRuntime(reactTag, promise) { runtime -> promise.resolve(snapshot(runtime)) }
+    @ReactMethod override fun setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(reactTag: Double, enabled: Boolean, promise: Promise) = withMap(reactTag, promise) { map ->
+        map.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled)
+        promise.resolve("ACCEPTED")
+    }
+    @ReactMethod override fun getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(reactTag: Double, promise: Promise) = withMap(reactTag, promise) { map ->
+        val value = map.retainedUnderlayDiagnostics
+        promise.resolve(Arguments.createMap().apply {
+            putBoolean("enabled", value.enabled)
+            putDouble("build", value.build.toDouble())
+            putDouble("reuse", value.reuse.toDouble())
+            putDouble("fallback", value.fallback.toDouble())
+            putDouble("invalidation", value.invalidation.toDouble())
+            putString("lastReason", value.lastReason)
+        })
+    }
     @ReactMethod override fun clearWindFields(reactTag: Double, promise: Promise) = command(reactTag, promise) { it.clearWindFields() }
     @ReactMethod override fun clearFields(reactTag: Double, promise: Promise) = command(reactTag, promise) { it.clearFields() }
 
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/ios/WeatherRuntimeBridge.mm b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/ios/WeatherRuntimeBridge.mm
index ecdd16bdc..8a8586e56 100644
--- a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/ios/WeatherRuntimeBridge.mm
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/ios/WeatherRuntimeBridge.mm
@@ -158,6 +158,20 @@ RCT_EXPORT_MODULE(WeatherRuntimeBridge)
   [self withMapForTag:reactTag requireRuntime:YES resolve:resolve reject:reject action:^(MLNMapView *map, MLNParticleFieldRuntime *runtime) { [map disposeParticleFieldRuntime]; resolve(nil); }];
 }
 - (void)getState:(double)reactTag resolve:(RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject:(RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject { [self withMapForTag:reactTag requireRuntime:YES resolve:resolve reject:reject action:^(MLNMapView *map, MLNParticleFieldRuntime *runtime) { resolve(snapshot(runtime)); }]; }
+- (void)setRetainedUnderlayEnabled:(double)reactTag enabled:(BOOL)enabled resolve:(RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject:(RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject {
+  [self withMapForTag:reactTag requireRuntime:NO resolve:resolve reject:reject action:^(MLNMapView *map, MLNParticleFieldRuntime *runtime) {
+    map.retainedUnderlayEnabled = enabled;
+    resolve(@"ACCEPTED");
+  }];
+}
+- (void)getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics:(double)reactTag resolve:(RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject:(RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject {
+  [self withMapForTag:reactTag requireRuntime:NO resolve:resolve reject:reject action:^(MLNMapView *map, MLNParticleFieldRuntime *runtime) {
+    MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics *value = map.retainedUnderlayDiagnostics;
+    resolve(@{ @"enabled": @(value.enabled), @"build": @(value.build), @"reuse": @(value.reuse),
+               @"fallback": @(value.fallback), @"invalidation": @(value.invalidation),
+               @"lastReason": value.lastReason });
+  }];
+}
 
 - (void)command:(double)tag resolve:(RCTPromiseResolveBlock)resolve reject:(RCTPromiseRejectBlock)reject action:(MLNParticleFieldRuntimeCommandResult (^)(MLNParticleFieldRuntime *, NSError **))action {
   [self withMapForTag:tag requireRuntime:YES resolve:resolve reject:reject action:^(MLNMapView *map, MLNParticleFieldRuntime *runtime) { NSError *error = nil; MLNParticleFieldRuntimeCommandResult result = action(runtime, &error); resolve(error ? @"REJECTED" : commandString(result)); }];
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge.ts b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge.ts
index c473b62aa..11f83c3db 100644
--- a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge.ts
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge.ts
@@ -9,10 +9,13 @@ type FieldSubmitResult = "REJECTED_SOURCE_MODE" | "REJECTED_ADAPTER" | "REJECTED
 type EncodedFieldSubmitResult = "ACCEPTED_INSERTED" | "ACCEPTED_REPLACED_REVISION" | "DUPLICATE" | "REJECTED_DECODE" | "REJECTED_CONTRACT" | "REJECTED_INVALID_FIELD_KEY" | "REJECTED_IDENTITY_CONFLICT" | "REJECTED_STALE_REVISION" | "REJECTED_INCOMPATIBLE" | "REJECTED_CAPACITY";
 type ColorStop = { speedMps: number; red: number; green: number; blue: number; alpha: number };
 type RuntimeSnapshot = { state: RuntimeState; playbackState: PlaybackState; targetFps: TargetFps; disposed: boolean };
+type RetainedUnderlaySnapshot = { enabled: boolean; build: number; reuse: number; fallback: number; invalidation: number; lastReason: string };
 export interface Spec extends TurboModule {
   attach(reactTag: number): Promise<RuntimeSnapshot>;
   detach(reactTag: number): Promise<void>;
   getState(reactTag: number): Promise<RuntimeSnapshot>;
+  setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(reactTag: number, enabled: boolean): Promise<CommandResult>;
+  getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(reactTag: number): Promise<RetainedUnderlaySnapshot>;
   clearWindFields(reactTag: number): Promise<CommandResult>;
   submitWindField(reactTag: number, metadataJson: string, payloadFileUri: string): Promise<FieldSubmitResult>;
   clearFields(reactTag: number): Promise<CommandResult>;
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/RendererRuntime.ts b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/RendererRuntime.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..63628d427
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/RendererRuntime.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+import { getNativeFieldRuntimeBridge } from "./NativeWeatherRuntimeBridge";
+import type { CommandResult, RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics } from "./types";
+
+function nativeBridge() {
+  const bridge = getNativeFieldRuntimeBridge();
+  if (bridge == null) {
+    throw new Error("@navsea/maplibre-particle-rn RendererRuntime requires the WeatherRuntimeBridge native module");
+  }
+  return bridge;
+}
+
+/** Pull-based, map-scoped renderer controls. No renderer cache state is owned by React. */
+export const RendererRuntime = {
+  setRetainedUnderlayEnabled: (reactTag: number, enabled: boolean): Promise<CommandResult> =>
+    nativeBridge().setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(reactTag, enabled),
+  getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics: (reactTag: number): Promise<RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics> =>
+    nativeBridge().getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(reactTag),
+} as const;
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/index.ts b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/index.ts
index f7e27bfdc..3b759d184 100644
--- a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/index.ts
@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
 export { FieldRuntime } from "./FieldRuntime";
+export { RendererRuntime } from "./RendererRuntime";
 export type {
   ColorChannel,
   CommandResult,
@@ -14,6 +15,7 @@ export type {
   RequiredPlaneContractInput,
   ResolvedFieldProfileContractInput,
   RuntimeSnapshot,
+  RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics,
   RuntimeState,
   TargetFps,
 } from "./types";
diff --git a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/types.ts b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/types.ts
index 047645074..df1211c72 100644
--- a/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/types.ts
+++ b/packages/maplibre-particle-rn/src/types.ts
@@ -21,3 +21,11 @@ export type FieldValueSource = "SCALAR" | "VECTOR_MAGNITUDE";
 export type ColorChannel = number;
 export type FieldColorStop = Readonly<{ value: number; red: ColorChannel; green: ColorChannel; blue: ColorChannel; alpha: ColorChannel }>;
 export type RuntimeSnapshot = Readonly<{ state: RuntimeState; playbackState: PlaybackState; targetFps: TargetFps; disposed: boolean }>;
+export type RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics = Readonly<{
+  enabled: boolean;
+  build: number;
+  reuse: number;
+  fallback: number;
+  invalidation: number;
+  lastReason: string;
+}>;
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.cpp b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.cpp
index d5e42ff55..fc6e6b88d 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.cpp
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.cpp
@@ -716,6 +716,27 @@ jni::jboolean NativeMapView::getDebug(JNIEnv&) {
     return map->getDebug() != DebugOptions::NoDebug;
 }
 
+void NativeMapView::setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(JNIEnv&, jni::jboolean enabled) {
+    map->setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled);
+}
+
+jni::Local<jni::Array<jni::String>> NativeMapView::getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(JNIEnv& env) {
+    const auto snapshot = map->getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics();
+    const std::array<std::string, 6> values = {
+        snapshot.enabled ? "true" : "false",
+        std::to_string(snapshot.build),
+        std::to_string(snapshot.reuse),
+        std::to_string(snapshot.fallback),
+        std::to_string(snapshot.invalidation),
+        snapshot.lastReason,
+    };
+    auto result = jni::Array<jni::String>::New(env, values.size());
+    for (std::size_t index = 0; index < values.size(); ++index) {
+        result.Set(env, index, jni::Make<jni::String>(env, values[index]));
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
 jni::Local<jni::Array<jni::String>> NativeMapView::getActionJournalLogFiles(JNIEnv& env) {
     const auto& actionJournal = map->getActionJournal();
     if (!actionJournal) {
@@ -1795,6 +1816,8 @@ void NativeMapView::registerNative(jni::JNIEnv& env) {
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::addMarkers, "nativeAddMarkers"),
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::setDebug, "nativeSetDebug"),
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::getDebug, "nativeGetDebug"),
+        METHOD(&NativeMapView::setRetainedUnderlayEnabled, "nativeSetRetainedUnderlayEnabled"),
+        METHOD(&NativeMapView::getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics, "nativeGetRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics"),
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::getActionJournalLogFiles, "nativeGetActionJournalLogFiles"),
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::getActionJournalLog, "nativeGetActionJournalLog"),
         METHOD(&NativeMapView::clearActionJournalLog, "nativeClearActionJournalLog"),
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.hpp b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.hpp
index 11954f25e..65c76ffd4 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.hpp
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/cpp/native_map_view.hpp
@@ -201,6 +201,10 @@ public:
 
     jni::jboolean getDebug(JNIEnv&);
 
+    void setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(JNIEnv&, jni::jboolean);
+
+    jni::Local<jni::Array<jni::String>> getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(JNIEnv&);
+
     jni::Local<jni::Array<jni::String>> getActionJournalLogFiles(JNIEnv&);
 
     jni::Local<jni::Array<jni::String>> getActionJournalLog(JNIEnv&);
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/MapLibreMap.java b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/MapLibreMap.java
index 2c31848ac..df120a33c 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/MapLibreMap.java
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/MapLibreMap.java
@@ -111,6 +111,22 @@ public final class MapLibreMap {
     nativeMapView.triggerRepaint();
   }
 
+  /** Enables or disables the renderer's map-scoped retained static underlay optimization. */
+  public void setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+    nativeMapView.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled);
+  }
+
+  /** Returns whether the retained static underlay optimization is enabled for this map. */
+  public boolean isRetainedUnderlayEnabled() {
+    return nativeMapView.getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics().enabled;
+  }
+
+  /** Returns a thread-safe, pull-based retained-underlay diagnostics snapshot. */
+  @NonNull
+  public RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics() {
+    return nativeMapView.getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics();
+  }
+
   /**
    * Query rendering statistics overlay status.
    */
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMap.java b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMap.java
index 8a5df6a6a..69e470bd7 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMap.java
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMap.java
@@ -286,6 +286,10 @@ interface NativeMap {
 
   boolean getDebug();
 
+  void setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(boolean enabled);
+
+  RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics();
+
   String[] getActionJournalLogFiles();
 
   String[] getActionJournalLog();
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMapView.java b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMapView.java
index 64c29f6f7..02a2c33de 100755
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMapView.java
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/NativeMapView.java
@@ -653,6 +653,22 @@ final class NativeMapView implements NativeMap {
     return nativeGetDebug();
   }
 
+  @Override
+  public void setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(boolean enabled) {
+    if (checkState("setRetainedUnderlayEnabled")) {
+      return;
+    }
+    nativeSetRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled);
+  }
+
+  @Override
+  public RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics() {
+    if (checkState("getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics")) {
+      return new RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(new String[] {"true", "0", "0", "0", "0", "unavailable"});
+    }
+    return new RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(nativeGetRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics());
+  }
+
   @Override
   public String[] getActionJournalLogFiles() {
     if (checkState("getActionJournalLogFiles")) {
@@ -1702,6 +1718,12 @@ final class NativeMapView implements NativeMap {
   @Keep
   private native boolean nativeGetDebug();
 
+  @Keep
+  private native void nativeSetRetainedUnderlayEnabled(boolean enabled);
+
+  @Keep
+  private native String[] nativeGetRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics();
+
   @Keep
   private native String[] nativeGetActionJournalLogFiles();
 
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics.java b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics.java
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..79cb15843
--- /dev/null
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroid/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/maps/RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics.java
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+package org.maplibre.android.maps;
+
+import androidx.annotation.Keep;
+import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
+
+/** A pull-based snapshot of this map's retained-underlay renderer state. */
+@Keep
+public final class RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics {
+  public final boolean enabled;
+  public final long build;
+  public final long reuse;
+  public final long fallback;
+  public final long invalidation;
+  @NonNull public final String lastReason;
+
+  RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics(@NonNull String[] values) {
+    if (values.length != 6) {
+      throw new IllegalArgumentException("Retained-underlay diagnostics require six values");
+    }
+    enabled = Boolean.parseBoolean(values[0]);
+    build = Long.parseLong(values[1]);
+    reuse = Long.parseLong(values[2]);
+    fallback = Long.parseLong(values[3]);
+    invalidation = Long.parseLong(values[4]);
+    lastReason = values[5];
+  }
+}
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/testapp/activity/particle/ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity.kt b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/testapp/activity/particle/ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity.kt
index 6fd797c98..15136d897 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/testapp/activity/particle/ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity.kt
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/java/org/maplibre/android/testapp/activity/particle/ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity.kt
@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 package org.maplibre.android.testapp.activity.particle
 
-import android.os.Bundle
 import android.graphics.Color
+import android.os.Bundle
+import android.text.InputType
 import android.util.Log
 import android.widget.Button
+import android.widget.EditText
 import android.widget.PopupMenu
 import android.widget.TextView
+import androidx.appcompat.app.AlertDialog
 import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
+import org.json.JSONArray
+import org.json.JSONObject
 import org.maplibre.android.camera.CameraPosition
 import org.maplibre.android.camera.CameraUpdateFactory
 import org.maplibre.android.geometry.LatLng
@@ -39,6 +44,13 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
     private var productionFeedMode = false
     private var hostSubmissionMode = false
     private var realWeatherMode = false
+    private var pureParticleMode = false
+    private var purePbfMode = false
+    private var navSeaPbfMode = false
+    private var navSeaPbfPosition = NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_CLIP
+    private var navSeaPbfRenderEnabled = true
+    private var navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = emptyList<NavSeaPbfLayerVisibility>()
+    private var retainedCacheEnabled = true
     private var realWeatherTuningMenu: PopupMenu? = null
     private var realWeatherMenuAnchor: android.view.View? = null
     private var openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle = false
@@ -57,7 +69,8 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         maskMode = savedInstanceState?.getInt(STATE_MASK_MODE, MASK_GLOBAL) ?: MASK_GLOBAL
         fixtureMode = savedInstanceState?.getInt(STATE_FIXTURE_MODE, FIXTURE_UNIFORM_EAST) ?: FIXTURE_UNIFORM_EAST
         timeMix = savedInstanceState?.getFloat(STATE_TIME_MIX, 0.0f) ?: 0.0f
-        particleCount = savedInstanceState?.getInt(STATE_PARTICLE_COUNT, PARTICLE_COUNT_256) ?: PARTICLE_COUNT_256
+        particleCount = (savedInstanceState?.getInt(STATE_PARTICLE_COUNT, PARTICLE_COUNT_256) ?: PARTICLE_COUNT_256)
+            .coerceIn(MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT, MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT)
         lineWidth = savedInstanceState?.getFloat(STATE_LINE_WIDTH, DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH) ?: DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH
         particleLength = savedInstanceState?.getFloat(STATE_PARTICLE_LENGTH, DEFAULT_PARTICLE_LENGTH) ?: DEFAULT_PARTICLE_LENGTH
         particleOpacity = savedInstanceState?.getFloat(STATE_PARTICLE_OPACITY, DEFAULT_PARTICLE_OPACITY) ?: DEFAULT_PARTICLE_OPACITY
@@ -67,6 +80,14 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         timeWindowMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_TIME_WINDOW, false) ?: false
         hostSubmissionMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_HOST_SUBMISSION, false) ?: false
         realWeatherMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_REAL_WEATHER, false) ?: false
+        pureParticleMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_PURE_PARTICLE, false) ?: false
+        purePbfMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_PURE_PBF, false) ?: false
+        navSeaPbfMode = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF, false) ?: false
+        navSeaPbfPosition = savedInstanceState?.getString(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_POSITION)
+            ?.let { value -> NavSeaPbfPosition.values().firstOrNull { it.name == value } }
+            ?: NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_CLIP
+        navSeaPbfRenderEnabled = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_RENDER_ENABLED, true) ?: true
+        retainedCacheEnabled = savedInstanceState?.getBoolean(STATE_RETAINED_CACHE_ENABLED, true) ?: true
         super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         Log.i(
             TAG,
@@ -78,13 +99,16 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         mapView = findViewById(R.id.mapView)
         status = findViewById(R.id.validationStatus)
         mapView.addOnDidFailLoadingMapListener { errorMessage ->
-            if (realWeatherMode) {
+            if (navSeaPbfMode || purePbfMode) {
+                Log.e(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_ERROR reason=$errorMessage")
+            } else if (realWeatherMode) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "ParticleField: event=BASEMAP_TILE_ERROR provider=GSI reason=$errorMessage failSoft=true")
             }
         }
         mapView.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
         mapView.getMapAsync { map ->
             maplibreMap = map
+            maplibreMap.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(retainedCacheEnabled)
             if (savedInstanceState == null) {
                 map.cameraPosition = CameraPosition.Builder()
                     .target(LatLng(0.0, 0.0))
@@ -92,6 +116,9 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
                     .build()
             }
             updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+            updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+            updatePbfModeButtonState()
+            updateRetainedCacheButtonState()
             loadValidationStyle(active = active, enabled = enabled, reason = "INITIAL")
         }
 
@@ -160,10 +187,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle256).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_256) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle1024).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_1024) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle4096).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_4096) }
-        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle16384).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_16384) }
-        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle65536).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_65536) }
-        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle262144).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_262144) }
-        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle1048576).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_1048576) }
+        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationParticle10000).setOnClickListener { setParticleCount(MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationAdvanceWindow).setOnClickListener {
             if (this::maplibreMap.isInitialized) advanceRuntimeFieldWindow()
         }
@@ -221,15 +245,27 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuTime).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showTimeMenu(it) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuVisual).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showMenu(it, "VIS", intArrayOf(R.id.validationVisualDefault, R.id.validationVisualColor, R.id.validationVisualSizeDown, R.id.validationVisualSizeUp, R.id.validationVisualLengthDown, R.id.validationVisualLengthUp, R.id.validationVisualOpacityDown, R.id.validationVisualOpacityUp, R.id.validationVisualTrailDown, R.id.validationVisualTrailUp, R.id.validationVisualFadeDown, R.id.validationVisualFadeUp)) }
-        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuCount).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showMenu(it, "COUNT", intArrayOf(R.id.validationParticle256, R.id.validationParticle1024, R.id.validationParticle4096, R.id.validationParticle16384, R.id.validationParticle65536, R.id.validationParticle262144, R.id.validationParticle1048576)) }
+        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuCount).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showCountMenu(it) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuMap).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showMenu(it, "MAP", intArrayOf(R.id.validationGlobal, R.id.validationOceanA, R.id.validationOceanB, R.id.validationDateline, R.id.validationWorldWrap)) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuRealWeather).setOnClickListener { activateRealWeather(it) }
+        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuNavSeaPbf).setOnClickListener { showNavSeaPbfMenu(it) }
+        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuPbfMode).setOnClickListener { showPbfModeMenu(it) }
+        findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuRetainedCache).setOnClickListener { showRetainedCacheMenu(it) }
         findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuMore).setOnClickListener { dismissRealWeatherTuning(); showMenu(it, "MORE", intArrayOf(R.id.validationActive, R.id.validationStatic, R.id.validationDisable, R.id.validationEnable, R.id.validationUniformEast, R.id.validationUniformNorth, R.id.validationVortex, R.id.validationTimeWindow, R.id.validationHostFieldSubmit, R.id.validationProductionInvalid, R.id.validationHostFieldDuplicate, R.id.validationHostFieldInvalid, R.id.validationAdvanceWindow, R.id.validationDuplicateWindow)) }
     }
 
     private data class ParticleVisuals(val count: Int, val width: Float, val length: Float, val opacity: Float, val trailOpacity: Float, val trailFade: Float)
 
+    private enum class NavSeaPbfPosition(val label: String) {
+        BOTTOM("BOTTOM"),
+        AFTER_SEA("AFTER_SEA"),
+        AFTER_CLIP("AFTER_CLIP"),
+        BEFORE_SYMBOL_CLUSTER("BEFORE_SYMBOL_CLUSTER"),
+        TOP("TOP")
+    }
+
     private fun activateRealWeather(anchor: android.view.View?) {
+        if (isPbfMatrixMode()) leaveRealWeatherMode()
         realWeatherMenuAnchor = anchor ?: findViewById(R.id.validationMenuRealWeather)
         if (realWeatherMode) {
             if (realWeatherTuningMenu == null) showRealWeatherTuning(realWeatherMenuAnchor!!) else dismissRealWeatherTuning()
@@ -246,11 +282,16 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         productionFeedMode = false
         hostSubmissionMode = true
         realWeatherMode = true
+        pureParticleMode = false
+        purePbfMode = false
+        navSeaPbfMode = false
         fixtureMode = FIXTURE_UNIFORM_EAST
         timeMix = 0.0f
         timelineState = "NOT READY"
         openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle = true
         updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+        updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+        updatePbfModeButtonState()
         if (this::maplibreMap.isInitialized) loadValidationStyle(active, enabled, "REAL_WEATHER")
     }
 
@@ -258,7 +299,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         dismissRealWeatherTuning()
         weatherRuntime?.dispose()
         weatherRuntime = null
-        if (realWeatherMode) {
+        if (realWeatherMode || isPbfMatrixMode()) {
             preRealWeatherVisuals?.let { visuals ->
                 particleCount = visuals.count; lineWidth = visuals.width; particleLength = visuals.length
                 particleOpacity = visuals.opacity; trailOpacity = visuals.trailOpacity; trailFade = visuals.trailFade
@@ -266,8 +307,14 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         }
         preRealWeatherVisuals = null
         realWeatherMode = false
+        pureParticleMode = false
+        purePbfMode = false
+        navSeaPbfMode = false
+        navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = emptyList()
         openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle = false
         updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+        updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+        updatePbfModeButtonState()
     }
 
     private fun updateRealWeatherButtonState() {
@@ -277,10 +324,67 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         button.setTextColor(if (realWeatherMode) Color.YELLOW else Color.WHITE)
     }
 
+    private fun updateNavSeaPbfButtonState() {
+        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuNavSeaPbf)
+        button.isSelected = navSeaPbfMode
+        button.isActivated = navSeaPbfMode
+        button.setTextColor(if (navSeaPbfMode) Color.YELLOW else Color.WHITE)
+    }
+
+    private fun updatePbfModeButtonState() {
+        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuPbfMode)
+        button.isSelected = isPbfMatrixMode()
+        button.isActivated = isPbfMatrixMode()
+        button.setTextColor(if (isPbfMatrixMode()) Color.YELLOW else Color.WHITE)
+    }
+
+    private fun updateRetainedCacheButtonState() {
+        val button = findViewById<Button>(R.id.validationMenuRetainedCache)
+        button.text = if (retainedCacheEnabled) "CACHE ON" else "CACHE OFF"
+        button.setTextColor(if (retainedCacheEnabled) Color.GREEN else Color.YELLOW)
+    }
+
+    private fun showRetainedCacheMenu(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        PopupMenu(this, anchor).apply {
+            menu.add(0, 0, 0, "CACHE ON")
+            menu.add(0, 1, 1, "CACHE OFF")
+            menu.add(0, 2, 2, "READ SNAPSHOT")
+            setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
+                when (item.itemId) {
+                    0 -> setRetainedCacheEnabled(true)
+                    1 -> setRetainedCacheEnabled(false)
+                    2 -> logRetainedCacheSnapshot()
+                }
+                true
+            }
+            show()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun setRetainedCacheEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+        retainedCacheEnabled = enabled
+        maplibreMap.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled)
+        updateRetainedCacheButtonState()
+        status.text = statusText()
+        Log.i(TAG, "RETAINED_CACHE_CONTROL enabled=$enabled")
+        logRetainedCacheSnapshot()
+    }
+
+    private fun logRetainedCacheSnapshot() {
+        val snapshot = maplibreMap.retainedUnderlayDiagnostics
+        retainedCacheEnabled = snapshot.enabled
+        updateRetainedCacheButtonState()
+        Log.i(
+            TAG,
+            "RETAINED_CACHE_SNAPSHOT enabled=${snapshot.enabled} build=${snapshot.build} reuse=${snapshot.reuse} " +
+                "fallback=${snapshot.fallback} invalidation=${snapshot.invalidation} lastReason=${snapshot.lastReason}"
+        )
+    }
+
     private fun dismissRealWeatherTuning() { realWeatherTuningMenu?.dismiss(); realWeatherTuningMenu = null }
 
     private fun showRealWeatherTuning(anchor: android.view.View) {
-        if (!realWeatherMode) return
+        if (!usesRealWeatherAssets()) return
         PopupMenu(this, anchor).also { popup ->
             realWeatherTuningMenu = popup
             popup.menu.add(0, 100, 0, "PARTICLE TUNING").isEnabled = false
@@ -338,6 +442,199 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         setVisualFloat("raster-particle-trail-fade", REAL_WEATHER_TRAIL_FADE) { trailFade = it }
     }
 
+    private fun showNavSeaPbfMenu(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        dismissRealWeatherTuning()
+        val positions = NavSeaPbfPosition.values()
+        PopupMenu(this, anchor).apply {
+            positions.forEachIndexed { index, position ->
+                menu.add(0, index, index, position.label).isChecked = navSeaPbfMode && navSeaPbfPosition == position
+            }
+            menu.add(0, 101, 101, "PBF ON").apply {
+                isEnabled = hasProductionPbfStyle() && styleReady
+                isChecked = hasProductionPbfStyle() && navSeaPbfRenderEnabled
+            }
+            menu.add(0, 102, 102, "PBF OFF").apply {
+                isEnabled = hasProductionPbfStyle() && styleReady
+                isChecked = hasProductionPbfStyle() && !navSeaPbfRenderEnabled
+            }
+            menu.add(0, 100, 100, "PARTICLE TUNING")
+            setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
+                if (item.itemId in positions.indices) {
+                    activateNavSeaPbf(positions[item.itemId], anchor)
+                } else if (item.itemId == 101) {
+                    setNavSeaPbfRenderEnabled(true)
+                } else if (item.itemId == 102) {
+                    setNavSeaPbfRenderEnabled(false)
+                } else if (item.itemId == 100) {
+                    realWeatherMenuAnchor = anchor
+                    showRealWeatherTuning(anchor)
+                }
+                true
+            }
+            show()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun activateNavSeaPbf(position: NavSeaPbfPosition, anchor: android.view.View) {
+        enterPbfMatrix()
+        realWeatherMenuAnchor = anchor
+        timeWindowMode = true
+        productionFeedMode = false
+        hostSubmissionMode = true
+        realWeatherMode = false
+        pureParticleMode = false
+        purePbfMode = false
+        navSeaPbfMode = true
+        navSeaPbfPosition = position
+        fixtureMode = FIXTURE_UNIFORM_EAST
+        timeMix = 0.0f
+        timelineState = "NOT READY"
+        openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle = false
+        updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+        updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+        updatePbfModeButtonState()
+        if (this::maplibreMap.isInitialized) loadValidationStyle(active, enabled, "NAVSEA_PBF_${position.name}")
+    }
+
+    private fun showPbfModeMenu(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        PopupMenu(this, anchor).apply {
+            menu.add(0, 0, 0, "PURE PARTICLE").isChecked = pureParticleMode
+            menu.add(0, 1, 1, "PURE PBF").isChecked = purePbfMode
+            menu.add(0, 2, 2, "NAVSEA PBF").isChecked = navSeaPbfMode
+            setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
+                when (item.itemId) {
+                    0 -> activatePureParticle(anchor)
+                    1 -> activatePurePbf(anchor)
+                    2 -> activateNavSeaPbf(navSeaPbfPosition, anchor)
+                }
+                true
+            }
+            show()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun showCountMenu(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        PopupMenu(this, anchor).apply {
+            menu.add(0, 0, 0, "256")
+            menu.add(0, 1, 1, "1K")
+            menu.add(0, 2, 2, "4K")
+            menu.add(0, 3, 3, "10K")
+            menu.add(0, 4, 4, "CUSTOM COUNT")
+            setOnMenuItemClickListener { item ->
+                when (item.itemId) {
+                    0 -> setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_256)
+                    1 -> setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_1024)
+                    2 -> setParticleCount(PARTICLE_COUNT_4096)
+                    3 -> setParticleCount(MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT)
+                    4 -> showCustomParticleCountDialog()
+                }
+                true
+            }
+            show()
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun showCustomParticleCountDialog() {
+        val input = EditText(this).apply {
+            inputType = InputType.TYPE_CLASS_NUMBER
+            setText(particleCount.toString())
+            selectAll()
+            hint = "$MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT..$MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT"
+            contentDescription = "CUSTOM PARTICLE COUNT"
+        }
+        val dialog = AlertDialog.Builder(this)
+            .setTitle("CUSTOM PARTICLE COUNT")
+            .setView(input)
+            .setNegativeButton("CANCEL", null)
+            .setPositiveButton("APPLY", null)
+            .create()
+        dialog.setOnShowListener {
+            dialog.getButton(AlertDialog.BUTTON_POSITIVE).setOnClickListener {
+                val requested = input.text.toString().toIntOrNull()
+                if (requested == null || requested !in MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT..MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT) {
+                    input.error = "Enter an integer from $MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT to $MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT"
+                } else if (setParticleCount(requested)) {
+                    dialog.dismiss()
+                } else {
+                    input.error = "Particle layer is not ready"
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        dialog.show()
+    }
+
+    private fun enterPbfMatrix() {
+        if (realWeatherMode) leaveRealWeatherMode()
+        if (!isPbfMatrixMode()) {
+            preRealWeatherVisuals = ParticleVisuals(particleCount, lineWidth, particleLength, particleOpacity, trailOpacity, trailFade)
+            particleCount = REAL_WEATHER_PARTICLE_COUNT
+            lineWidth = REAL_WEATHER_LINE_WIDTH
+            particleLength = REAL_WEATHER_STREAK_LENGTH
+            particleOpacity = REAL_WEATHER_PARTICLE_OPACITY
+            trailOpacity = REAL_WEATHER_TRAIL_OPACITY
+            trailFade = REAL_WEATHER_TRAIL_FADE
+            realWeatherTargetFps = WeatherRuntime.TargetFps.FPS_30
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun activatePureParticle(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        enterPbfMatrix()
+        realWeatherMenuAnchor = anchor
+        timeWindowMode = true
+        productionFeedMode = false
+        hostSubmissionMode = true
+        realWeatherMode = false
+        pureParticleMode = true
+        purePbfMode = false
+        navSeaPbfMode = false
+        fixtureMode = FIXTURE_UNIFORM_EAST
+        timeMix = 0.0f
+        timelineState = "NOT READY"
+        updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+        updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+        updatePbfModeButtonState()
+        if (this::maplibreMap.isInitialized) loadValidationStyle(active, enabled, "PURE_PARTICLE")
+    }
+
+    private fun activatePurePbf(anchor: android.view.View) {
+        enterPbfMatrix()
+        realWeatherMenuAnchor = anchor
+        timeWindowMode = false
+        productionFeedMode = false
+        hostSubmissionMode = false
+        realWeatherMode = false
+        pureParticleMode = false
+        purePbfMode = true
+        navSeaPbfMode = false
+        timelineState = "NOT READY"
+        updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+        updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+        updatePbfModeButtonState()
+        if (this::maplibreMap.isInitialized) loadValidationStyle(active, enabled, "PURE_PBF")
+    }
+
+    private fun isPbfMatrixMode(): Boolean = pureParticleMode || purePbfMode || navSeaPbfMode
+    private fun hasProductionPbfStyle(): Boolean = purePbfMode || navSeaPbfMode
+    private fun usesRealWeatherAssets(): Boolean = realWeatherMode || pureParticleMode || navSeaPbfMode
+
+    private fun setNavSeaPbfRenderEnabled(enabled: Boolean) {
+        if (!hasProductionPbfStyle() || !styleReady) return
+        if (navSeaPbfRenderEnabled == enabled) return
+        navSeaPbfRenderEnabled = enabled
+        applyNavSeaPbfRenderState()
+        status.text = statusText()
+        Log.i(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_RENDER enabled=$enabled affectedLayers=${navSeaPbfLayerVisibility.size}")
+    }
+
+    private fun applyNavSeaPbfRenderState() {
+        navSeaPbfLayerVisibility.forEach { layer ->
+            maplibreMap.setStyleLayerVisibility(
+                layer.id,
+                navSeaPbfRenderEnabled && layer.originallyVisible
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun showMenu(anchor: android.view.View, title: String, actions: IntArray) {
         PopupMenu(this, anchor).apply {
             actions.forEachIndexed { index, id -> menu.add(0, index, index, actionLabel(id)) }
@@ -383,7 +680,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         }
         val commandAccepted = when {
             accepted == WeatherRuntime.CommandResult.ACCEPTED -> true
-            realWeatherMode -> false
+            usesRealWeatherAssets() -> false
             else -> maplibreMap.controlRasterArraySourceTimeline(PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID, command, value)
         }
         if (!commandAccepted) {
@@ -403,10 +700,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         R.id.validationProductionInvalid -> "INVALID PROD"
         R.id.validationHostFieldDuplicate -> "HOST DUPLICATE"
         R.id.validationHostFieldInvalid -> "HOST INVALID"
-        R.id.validationParticle1048576 -> "1M"
-        R.id.validationParticle262144 -> "256K"
-        R.id.validationParticle65536 -> "64K"
-        R.id.validationParticle16384 -> "16K"
+        R.id.validationParticle10000 -> "10K"
         R.id.validationParticle4096 -> "4K"
         R.id.validationParticle1024 -> "1K"
         R.id.validationParticle256 -> "256"
@@ -440,6 +734,18 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
     }
 
     private fun loadValidationStyle(active: Boolean, enabled: Boolean, reason: String = "STYLE_CHANGE") {
+        if (pureParticleMode) {
+            loadPureParticleStyle(active, enabled, reason)
+            return
+        }
+        if (purePbfMode) {
+            loadPurePbfStyle(reason)
+            return
+        }
+        if (navSeaPbfMode) {
+            loadNavSeaPbfStyle(active, enabled, reason)
+            return
+        }
         weatherRuntime?.dispose()
         weatherRuntime = null
         this.active = active
@@ -463,6 +769,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             }
             status.text = statusText()
             updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+            updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
             if (openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle && realWeatherMode) {
                 openRealWeatherTuningAfterStyle = false
                 realWeatherMenuAnchor?.let { showRealWeatherTuning(it) }
@@ -470,6 +777,276 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         }
     }
 
+    private data class NavSeaPbfStyle(
+        val json: String,
+        val productionLayerCount: Int,
+        val seaAreaFill: Boolean,
+        val clipOutline: Boolean,
+        val belowCount: Int,
+        val aboveCount: Int,
+        val anchorLayer: String,
+        val pbfLayerVisibility: List<NavSeaPbfLayerVisibility>
+    )
+
+    private data class NavSeaPbfLayerVisibility(val id: String, val originallyVisible: Boolean)
+
+    private data class NavSeaProductionStyle(
+        val root: JSONObject,
+        val layers: JSONArray,
+        val layerIds: List<String>,
+        val seaIndex: Int,
+        val clipIndex: Int,
+        val specialPatternIndex: Int,
+        val hazardPointsIndex: Int,
+        val pbfLayerVisibility: List<NavSeaPbfLayerVisibility>
+    )
+
+    private fun loadPureParticleStyle(active: Boolean, enabled: Boolean, reason: String) {
+        weatherRuntime?.dispose()
+        weatherRuntime = null
+        this.active = active
+        this.enabled = enabled
+        styleReady = false
+        navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = emptyList()
+        val epoch = ++styleLoadEpoch
+        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=STYLE_LOAD epoch=$epoch reason=$reason")
+        maplibreMap.setStyle(Style.Builder().fromJson(pureParticleStyle(active, enabled))) {
+            if (pureParticleMode && epoch == styleLoadEpoch) {
+                styleReady = true
+                weatherRuntime = WeatherRuntime(
+                    maplibreMap,
+                    WeatherRuntime.Config(PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID, WEATHER_COLOR_LAYER_ID, PARTICLE_LAYER_ID)
+                )
+                weatherRuntime?.setTargetFps(realWeatherTargetFps)
+                setNavSeaPbfCamera(logNavSeaReady = false)
+                if (hostSubmissionMode) submitRealWeatherDataset()
+                status.text = statusText()
+                Log.i(
+                    TAG,
+                    "PURE_PARTICLE_READY camera=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LATITUDE,$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LONGITUDE " +
+                        "particleCount=$particleCount targetFps=${realWeatherTargetFps.name.removePrefix("FPS_")}"
+                )
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun loadPurePbfStyle(reason: String) {
+        weatherRuntime?.dispose()
+        weatherRuntime = null
+        styleReady = false
+        navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = emptyList()
+        val epoch = ++styleLoadEpoch
+        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=STYLE_LOAD epoch=$epoch reason=$reason")
+        maplibreMap.setStyle(Style.Builder().fromUri(NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_URL)) { productionStyle ->
+            if (purePbfMode && epoch == styleLoadEpoch) {
+                val production = try {
+                    inspectNavSeaProductionStyle(productionStyle.json)
+                } catch (error: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_ERROR reason=PURE_PBF_CONTRACT", error)
+                    null
+                }
+                if (production != null) {
+                    styleReady = true
+                    navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = production.pbfLayerVisibility
+                    applyNavSeaPbfRenderState()
+                    setNavSeaPbfCamera(logNavSeaReady = false)
+                    status.text = statusText()
+                    Log.i(
+                        TAG,
+                        "PURE_PBF_READY layerCount=${production.layers.length()} seaAreaFill=${production.seaIndex >= 0} " +
+                            "clipOutline=${production.clipIndex >= 0} camera=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LATITUDE,$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LONGITUDE"
+                    )
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun loadNavSeaPbfStyle(active: Boolean, enabled: Boolean, reason: String) {
+        weatherRuntime?.dispose()
+        weatherRuntime = null
+        this.active = active
+        this.enabled = enabled
+        styleReady = false
+        navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = emptyList()
+        val epoch = ++styleLoadEpoch
+        status.text = statusText()
+        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=STYLE_LOAD epoch=$epoch reason=$reason")
+        Log.i(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_LOAD url=$NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_URL position=${navSeaPbfPosition.name}")
+        maplibreMap.setStyle(Style.Builder().fromUri(NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_URL)) { productionStyle ->
+            if (navSeaPbfMode && epoch == styleLoadEpoch) {
+                val augmented = try {
+                    buildNavSeaPbfStyle(productionStyle.json, active, enabled, navSeaPbfPosition)
+                } catch (error: Exception) {
+                    Log.e(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_ERROR reason=AUGMENT_FAILED position=${navSeaPbfPosition.name}", error)
+                    null
+                }
+                if (augmented != null) {
+                    maplibreMap.setStyle(Style.Builder().fromJson(augmented.json)) {
+                        if (navSeaPbfMode && epoch == styleLoadEpoch) {
+                            styleReady = true
+                            navSeaPbfLayerVisibility = augmented.pbfLayerVisibility
+                            applyNavSeaPbfRenderState()
+                            weatherRuntime = WeatherRuntime(
+                                maplibreMap,
+                                WeatherRuntime.Config(PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID, WEATHER_COLOR_LAYER_ID, PARTICLE_LAYER_ID)
+                            )
+                            weatherRuntime?.setTargetFps(realWeatherTargetFps)
+                            updateRealWeatherButtonState()
+                            updateNavSeaPbfButtonState()
+                            Log.i(
+                                TAG,
+                                "NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_READY layerCount=${augmented.productionLayerCount} " +
+                                    "seaAreaFill=${augmented.seaAreaFill} clipOutline=${augmented.clipOutline}"
+                            )
+                            Log.i(
+                                TAG,
+                                "NAVSEA_PBF_POSITION position=${navSeaPbfPosition.name} belowCount=${augmented.belowCount} " +
+                                    "aboveCount=${augmented.aboveCount} anchorLayer=${augmented.anchorLayer}"
+                            )
+                            setNavSeaPbfCamera()
+                            if (hostSubmissionMode) submitRealWeatherDataset()
+                            status.text = statusText()
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    private fun buildNavSeaPbfStyle(
+        productionJson: String,
+        active: Boolean,
+        enabled: Boolean,
+        position: NavSeaPbfPosition
+    ): NavSeaPbfStyle {
+        val production = inspectNavSeaProductionStyle(productionJson)
+        val root = production.root
+        val sources = root.getJSONObject("sources")
+        check(!sources.has(PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID)) { "production style already contains $PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID" }
+        sources.put(PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID, JSONObject().put("type", "raster-array").put("host-field-submission", true))
+
+        val productionLayers = production.layers
+        val layerIds = production.layerIds
+        val seaIndex = production.seaIndex
+        val clipIndex = production.clipIndex
+        val specialPatternIndex = production.specialPatternIndex
+        val hazardPointsIndex = production.hazardPointsIndex
+
+        val insertionIndex = when (position) {
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.BOTTOM -> 0
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_SEA -> seaIndex + 1
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_CLIP -> clipIndex + 1
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.BEFORE_SYMBOL_CLUSTER -> hazardPointsIndex
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.TOP -> productionLayers.length()
+        }
+        val anchorLayer = when (position) {
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.BOTTOM -> layerIds.first()
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_SEA -> NAVSEA_SEA_AREA_LAYER_ID
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.AFTER_CLIP -> NAVSEA_CLIP_OUTLINE_LAYER_ID
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.BEFORE_SYMBOL_CLUSTER -> NAVSEA_SPECIAL_PATTERN_LAYER_ID
+            NavSeaPbfPosition.TOP -> layerIds.last()
+        }
+        val augmentedLayers = JSONArray()
+        for (index in 0..productionLayers.length()) {
+            if (enabled && index == insertionIndex) augmentedLayers.put(navSeaParticleLayer(active))
+            if (index < productionLayers.length()) augmentedLayers.put(productionLayers.get(index))
+        }
+        root.put("layers", augmentedLayers)
+        return NavSeaPbfStyle(
+            json = root.toString(),
+            productionLayerCount = productionLayers.length(),
+            seaAreaFill = seaIndex >= 0,
+            clipOutline = clipIndex >= 0,
+            belowCount = insertionIndex,
+            aboveCount = productionLayers.length() - insertionIndex,
+            anchorLayer = anchorLayer,
+            pbfLayerVisibility = production.pbfLayerVisibility
+        )
+    }
+
+    private fun inspectNavSeaProductionStyle(productionJson: String): NavSeaProductionStyle {
+        val root = JSONObject(productionJson)
+        val layers = root.getJSONArray("layers")
+        val layerIds = (0 until layers.length()).map { layers.getJSONObject(it).getString("id") }
+        val pbfLayerVisibility = (0 until layers.length()).mapNotNull { index ->
+            val layer = layers.getJSONObject(index)
+            if (layer.optString("source") != NAVSEA_PBF_SOURCE_ID) null else NavSeaPbfLayerVisibility(
+                id = layer.getString("id"),
+                originallyVisible = layer.optJSONObject("layout")?.optString("visibility", "visible") != "none"
+            )
+        }
+        val result = NavSeaProductionStyle(
+            root = root,
+            layers = layers,
+            layerIds = layerIds,
+            seaIndex = layerIds.indexOf(NAVSEA_SEA_AREA_LAYER_ID),
+            clipIndex = layerIds.indexOf(NAVSEA_CLIP_OUTLINE_LAYER_ID),
+            specialPatternIndex = layerIds.indexOf(NAVSEA_SPECIAL_PATTERN_LAYER_ID),
+            hazardPointsIndex = layerIds.indexOf(NAVSEA_HAZARD_POINTS_LAYER_ID),
+            pbfLayerVisibility = pbfLayerVisibility
+        )
+        check(
+            layers.length() == NAVSEA_PRODUCTION_LAYER_COUNT && result.seaIndex == 3 && result.clipIndex == 31 &&
+                result.specialPatternIndex == 37 && result.hazardPointsIndex == 38 && pbfLayerVisibility.isNotEmpty()
+        ) {
+            "production style contract changed: count=${layers.length()} sea=${result.seaIndex} clip=${result.clipIndex} " +
+                "specialPattern=${result.specialPatternIndex} hazardPoints=${result.hazardPointsIndex} " +
+                "pbfLayers=${pbfLayerVisibility.size}"
+        }
+        return result
+    }
+
+    private fun pureParticleStyle(active: Boolean, enabled: Boolean): String {
+        val particleLayer = if (enabled) navSeaParticleLayer(active) else null
+        return JSONObject()
+            .put("version", 8)
+            .put("name", "Pure Particle Validation")
+            .put(
+                "sources",
+                JSONObject().put(
+                    PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID,
+                    JSONObject().put("type", "raster-array").put("host-field-submission", true)
+                )
+            )
+            .put("layers", JSONArray().apply { if (particleLayer != null) put(particleLayer) })
+            .toString()
+    }
+
+    private fun navSeaParticleLayer(active: Boolean): JSONObject = JSONObject()
+        .put("id", PARTICLE_LAYER_ID)
+        .put("type", "raster-particle")
+        .put("source", PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID)
+        .put(
+            "paint",
+            JSONObject()
+                .put("raster-particle-active", active)
+                .put("raster-particle-mask-mode", maskMode)
+                .put("raster-particle-time-mix", timeMix)
+                .put("raster-particle-particle-count", particleCount)
+                .put("raster-particle-line-width", lineWidth)
+                .put("raster-particle-particle-length", particleLength)
+                .put("raster-particle-particle-opacity", particleOpacity)
+                .put("raster-particle-trail-opacity", trailOpacity)
+                .put("raster-particle-trail-fade", trailFade)
+                .put("raster-particle-speed-color-enabled", speedColorEnabled)
+        )
+
+    private fun setNavSeaPbfCamera(logNavSeaReady: Boolean = true) {
+        maplibreMap.cameraPosition = CameraPosition.Builder()
+            .target(LatLng(NAVSEA_CAMERA_LATITUDE, NAVSEA_CAMERA_LONGITUDE))
+            .zoom(NAVSEA_CAMERA_ZOOM)
+            .bearing(NAVSEA_CAMERA_BEARING)
+            .tilt(NAVSEA_CAMERA_PITCH)
+            .build()
+        if (logNavSeaReady) {
+            Log.i(
+                TAG,
+                "NAVSEA_PBF_CAMERA_READY center=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LATITUDE,$NAVSEA_CAMERA_LONGITUDE " +
+                    "zoom=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_ZOOM bearing=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_BEARING pitch=$NAVSEA_CAMERA_PITCH"
+            )
+        }
+    }
+
     private fun setValidationProperties(active: Boolean, maskMode: Int, fixtureMode: Int = this.fixtureMode) {
         this.active = active
         this.maskMode = maskMode
@@ -509,23 +1086,13 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=MIX_PROPERTY_ONLY value=$timeMix styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
     }
 
-    private fun setParticleCount(requestedParticleCount: Int) {
-        if (!styleReady) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=PARTICLE_COUNT_REJECTED reason=STYLE_LOADING requestedParticleCount=$requestedParticleCount styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
-            return
-        }
-        if (!enabled) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=PARTICLE_COUNT_REJECTED reason=DISABLED requestedParticleCount=$requestedParticleCount styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
-            return
-        }
-        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=PARTICLE_COUNT_REQUEST requestedParticleCount=$requestedParticleCount styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
-        if (!setParticleFloat("raster-particle-particle-count", requestedParticleCount.toFloat())) {
-            Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=PARTICLE_COUNT_REJECTED reason=CORE_PROPERTY_REJECTED requestedParticleCount=$requestedParticleCount styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
-            return
-        }
+    private fun setParticleCount(requestedParticleCount: Int): Boolean {
+        if (requestedParticleCount !in MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT..MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT || !styleReady || !enabled) return false
+        if (!setParticleFloat("raster-particle-particle-count", requestedParticleCount.toFloat())) return false
         particleCount = requestedParticleCount
         status.text = statusText()
-        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleGPU: event=PARTICLE_COUNT_APPLIED requestedParticleCount=$requestedParticleCount effectiveParticleCount=$particleCount styleEpoch=$styleLoadEpoch")
+        Log.i(TAG, "PARTICLE_COUNT_CHANGED count=$particleCount")
+        return true
     }
 
     private fun setVisualFloat(property: String, requested: Float, apply: (Float) -> Unit) {
@@ -572,7 +1139,7 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             }
         }
         return runtimeResult == WeatherRuntime.CommandResult.ACCEPTED ||
-            (!realWeatherMode && runtimeResult == null && maplibreMap.setStyleLayerFloatProperty(PARTICLE_LAYER_ID, property, value))
+            (!usesRealWeatherAssets() && runtimeResult == null && maplibreMap.setStyleLayerFloatProperty(PARTICLE_LAYER_ID, property, value))
     }
 
     private fun resetVisualDefaults() {
@@ -647,11 +1214,15 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
             }
         }
         timelineState = if (results.size == 4 && results.all { it.accepted() }) "READY" else "NOT READY"
-        fitRealWeatherBounds()
+        if (!navSeaPbfMode && !pureParticleMode) fitRealWeatherBounds()
         status.text = statusText()
         Log.i(TAG, "ParticleField: event=REAL_WEATHER_INITIAL_WINDOW_READY results=${results.joinToString(",") { it.name }} timeline=$timelineState")
-        Log.i(TAG, "WeatherColorLayer: event=WEATHER_COLOR_FIELD_READY source=$PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID scale=0..30mps")
-        Log.i(TAG, "ParticleField: event=REAL_WEATHER_COMPOSITE_READY source=$PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID basemap=GSI failSoft=true color=weather-color particle=raster-particle")
+        if (navSeaPbfMode) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "NAVSEA_PBF_PARTICLE_READY source=$PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID weatherColor=false")
+        } else if (!pureParticleMode) {
+            Log.i(TAG, "WeatherColorLayer: event=WEATHER_COLOR_FIELD_READY source=$PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID scale=0..30mps")
+            Log.i(TAG, "ParticleField: event=REAL_WEATHER_COMPOSITE_READY source=$PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID basemap=GSI failSoft=true color=weather-color particle=raster-particle")
+        }
     }
 
     private fun fitRealWeatherBounds() {
@@ -721,9 +1292,28 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         } else {
             "EAST"
         }
-        val playback = if (timeWindowMode) " · ${if (realWeatherMode) "REAL WEATHER" else if (hostSubmissionMode) "HOST" else if (productionFeedMode) "PRODUCTION" else "FIXTURE"} · TL $timelineState · $timelineSpeed" else ""
-        val summary = "$mask · $runtime · $fields$playback · MIX ${(timeMix * 100).toInt()}%"
-        return if (realWeatherMode) "$summary\n${realWeatherHudValues()}" else "$summary · $particleCount · W ${"%.1f".format(lineWidth)} L ${"%.3f".format(particleLength)} O ${(particleOpacity * 100).toInt()} T ${(trailOpacity * 100).toInt()} F ${(trailFade * 100).toInt()} C ${if (speedColorEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"}"
+        val playbackMode = when {
+            pureParticleMode -> "PURE PARTICLE"
+            purePbfMode -> "PURE PBF"
+            navSeaPbfMode -> "NAVSEA PBF"
+            realWeatherMode -> "REAL WEATHER"
+            hostSubmissionMode -> "HOST"
+            productionFeedMode -> "PRODUCTION"
+            else -> "FIXTURE"
+        }
+        val playback = if (timeWindowMode) " · $playbackMode · TL $timelineState · $timelineSpeed" else ""
+        val scene = when {
+            navSeaPbfMode -> "NAVSEA PBF · ${navSeaPbfPosition.label} · PBF ${if (navSeaPbfRenderEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"} · CACHE ${if (retainedCacheEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"} · "
+            pureParticleMode -> "PURE PARTICLE · CACHE ${if (retainedCacheEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"} · "
+            purePbfMode -> "PURE PBF · PBF ${if (navSeaPbfRenderEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"} · CACHE ${if (retainedCacheEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"} · "
+            else -> ""
+        }
+        val summary = "$scene$mask · $runtime · $fields$playback · MIX ${(timeMix * 100).toInt()}%"
+        return when {
+            purePbfMode -> summary
+            usesRealWeatherAssets() -> "$summary\n${realWeatherHudValues()}"
+            else -> "$summary · $particleCount · W ${"%.1f".format(lineWidth)} L ${"%.3f".format(particleLength)} O ${(particleOpacity * 100).toInt()} T ${(trailOpacity * 100).toInt()} F ${(trailFade * 100).toInt()} C ${if (speedColorEnabled) "ON" else "OFF"}"
+        }
     }
 
     private fun realWeatherHudValues(): String = "FPS ${realWeatherTargetFps.name.removePrefix("FPS_")} · P $particleCount · W ${"%.2f".format(lineWidth)} · L ${"%.4f".format(particleLength)} · O ${"%.2f".format(particleOpacity)} · T ${"%.2f".format(trailOpacity)} · F ${"%.2f".format(trailFade)}"
@@ -829,6 +1419,12 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         outState.putBoolean(STATE_TIME_WINDOW, timeWindowMode)
         outState.putBoolean(STATE_HOST_SUBMISSION, hostSubmissionMode)
         outState.putBoolean(STATE_REAL_WEATHER, realWeatherMode)
+        outState.putBoolean(STATE_PURE_PARTICLE, pureParticleMode)
+        outState.putBoolean(STATE_PURE_PBF, purePbfMode)
+        outState.putBoolean(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF, navSeaPbfMode)
+        outState.putString(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_POSITION, navSeaPbfPosition.name)
+        outState.putBoolean(STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_RENDER_ENABLED, navSeaPbfRenderEnabled)
+        outState.putBoolean(STATE_RETAINED_CACHE_ENABLED, retainedCacheEnabled)
         super.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
         mapView.onSaveInstanceState(outState)
     }
@@ -856,6 +1452,12 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         private const val STATE_TIME_WINDOW = "particle_validation.time_window"
         private const val STATE_HOST_SUBMISSION = "particle_validation.host_submission"
         private const val STATE_REAL_WEATHER = "particle_validation.real_weather"
+        private const val STATE_PURE_PARTICLE = "particle_validation.pure_particle"
+        private const val STATE_PURE_PBF = "particle_validation.pure_pbf"
+        private const val STATE_NAVSEA_PBF = "particle_validation.navsea_pbf"
+        private const val STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_POSITION = "particle_validation.navsea_pbf_position"
+        private const val STATE_NAVSEA_PBF_RENDER_ENABLED = "particle_validation.navsea_pbf_render_enabled"
+        private const val STATE_RETAINED_CACHE_ENABLED = "particle_validation.retained_cache_enabled"
         private const val PARTICLE_LAYER_ID = "particle-raster-core"
         private const val WEATHER_COLOR_LAYER_ID = "weather-color-real"
         private const val PARTICLE_SOURCE_ID = "particle-fixture"
@@ -871,10 +1473,8 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_2048 = 2048
         private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_4096 = 4096
         private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_8192 = 8192
-        private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_16384 = 16384
-        private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_65536 = 65536
-        private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_262144 = 262144
-        private const val PARTICLE_COUNT_1048576 = 1048576
+        private const val MIN_PARTICLE_COUNT = 1
+        private const val MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT = 10000
         private const val DEFAULT_LINE_WIDTH = 2.0f
         private const val DEFAULT_PARTICLE_LENGTH = 0.018f
         private const val DEFAULT_PARTICLE_OPACITY = 1.0f
@@ -886,6 +1486,18 @@ class ParticleCoreLayerValidationActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
         private const val REAL_WEATHER_PARTICLE_OPACITY = 0.75f
         private const val REAL_WEATHER_TRAIL_OPACITY = 0.55f
         private const val REAL_WEATHER_TRAIL_FADE = 0.88f
-        private val REAL_WEATHER_PARTICLE_COUNTS = intArrayOf(PARTICLE_COUNT_256, PARTICLE_COUNT_512, PARTICLE_COUNT_1024, PARTICLE_COUNT_2048, PARTICLE_COUNT_4096, PARTICLE_COUNT_8192, PARTICLE_COUNT_16384)
+        private const val NAVSEA_PBF_STYLE_URL = "https://pbf.jpcn.ccwu.cc/style/style.navsea-delivery-full-semantic-extentfix.json"
+        private const val NAVSEA_PBF_SOURCE_ID = "navsea_delivery"
+        private const val NAVSEA_PRODUCTION_LAYER_COUNT = 63
+        private const val NAVSEA_SEA_AREA_LAYER_ID = "sea-area-fill"
+        private const val NAVSEA_CLIP_OUTLINE_LAYER_ID = "clip-outline"
+        private const val NAVSEA_SPECIAL_PATTERN_LAYER_ID = "special-pattern-line-754"
+        private const val NAVSEA_HAZARD_POINTS_LAYER_ID = "hazard-points"
+        private const val NAVSEA_CAMERA_LATITUDE = 33.45
+        private const val NAVSEA_CAMERA_LONGITUDE = 129.97
+        private const val NAVSEA_CAMERA_ZOOM = 10.5
+        private const val NAVSEA_CAMERA_BEARING = 0.0
+        private const val NAVSEA_CAMERA_PITCH = 0.0
+        private val REAL_WEATHER_PARTICLE_COUNTS = intArrayOf(PARTICLE_COUNT_256, PARTICLE_COUNT_512, PARTICLE_COUNT_1024, PARTICLE_COUNT_2048, PARTICLE_COUNT_4096, PARTICLE_COUNT_8192, MAX_PARTICLE_COUNT)
     }
 }
diff --git a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/res/layout/activity_particle_core_layer_validation.xml b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/res/layout/activity_particle_core_layer_validation.xml
index 29e46dd67..b2bb94f59 100644
--- a/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/res/layout/activity_particle_core_layer_validation.xml
+++ b/platform/android/MapLibreAndroidTestApp/src/main/res/layout/activity_particle_core_layer_validation.xml
@@ -9,13 +9,16 @@
       <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuCount" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="COUNT" />
       <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuMap" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="MAP" />
       <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuRealWeather" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="REAL WEATHER" android:textSize="10sp" />
+      <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuPbfMode" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="PBF MODE" android:textSize="9sp" />
+      <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuNavSeaPbf" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="NAVSEA PBF" android:textSize="9sp" />
+      <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuRetainedCache" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="CACHE ON" android:textSize="9sp" />
       <Button android:id="@+id/validationMenuMore" style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_weight="1" android:text="MORE" />
     </LinearLayout>
     <!-- Existing action IDs are invisible menu targets; no permanent button grid. -->
     <LinearLayout android:visibility="gone" android:layout_width="1dp" android:layout_height="1dp" android:orientation="vertical">
       <Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationActive"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationStatic"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationDisable"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationEnable"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationGlobal"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationOceanA"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationOceanB"/>
       <Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationUniformEast"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationUniformNorth"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVortex"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationTimeWindow"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationMix0"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationMix50"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationMix100"/>
-      <Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle256"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle1024"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle4096"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle16384"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle65536"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle262144"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle1048576"/>
+      <Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle256"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle1024"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle4096"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationParticle10000"/>
       <Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationAdvanceWindow"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationDuplicateWindow"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationProductionInvalid"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationHostFieldSubmit"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationRealWeather"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationHostFieldDuplicate"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationHostFieldInvalid"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualDefault"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualSizeDown"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualSizeUp"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualLengthDown"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualLengthUp"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualOpacityDown"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualOpacityUp"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualTrailDown"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualTrailUp"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualFadeDown"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualFadeUp"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationVisualColor"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationDateline"/><Button style="@style/ParticleValidationButton" android:id="@+id/validationWorldWrap"/>
     </LinearLayout>
   </LinearLayout>
diff --git a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.h b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.h
index bf7acae4a..feec7e757 100644
--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.h
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.h
@@ -28,6 +28,21 @@ NS_ASSUME_NONNULL_BEGIN
 @protocol MLNFeature;
 @protocol MLNLocationManager;
 
+/** A pull-based snapshot of one map view's retained-underlay renderer state. */
+MLN_EXPORT
+@interface MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics : NSObject
+
+@property (nonatomic, readonly, getter=isEnabled) BOOL enabled;
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) uint64_t build;
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) uint64_t reuse;
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) uint64_t fallback;
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) uint64_t invalidation;
+@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *lastReason;
+
+- (instancetype)init NS_UNAVAILABLE;
+
+@end
+
 /** Options for ``MLNMapView/decelerationRate``. */
 typedef CGFloat MLNMapViewDecelerationRate NS_TYPED_EXTENSIBLE_ENUM;
 
@@ -2266,6 +2281,12 @@ of north, the map will automatically snap to exact north.
  */
 @property (nonatomic) MLNMapDebugMaskOptions debugMask;
 
+/** Enables or disables the map-scoped retained static underlay optimization. */
+@property (nonatomic, getter=isRetainedUnderlayEnabled) BOOL retainedUnderlayEnabled;
+
+/** Returns a thread-safe retained-underlay diagnostics snapshot without enabling periodic events. */
+@property (nonatomic, readonly) MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics *retainedUnderlayDiagnostics;
+
 /**
  Returns the status of the rendering statistics overlay.
  */
diff --git a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm
index 876b7388f..d5f79b341 100644
--- a/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm
+++ b/platform/ios/src/MLNMapView.mm
@@ -239,6 +239,34 @@ int processIsTranslated() {
 
 #endif
 
+@interface MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics ()
+- (instancetype)initWithEnabled:(BOOL)enabled
+                           build:(uint64_t)build
+                           reuse:(uint64_t)reuse
+                        fallback:(uint64_t)fallback
+                    invalidation:(uint64_t)invalidation
+                      lastReason:(NSString *)lastReason;
+@end
+
+@implementation MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics
+- (instancetype)initWithEnabled:(BOOL)enabled
+                           build:(uint64_t)build
+                           reuse:(uint64_t)reuse
+                        fallback:(uint64_t)fallback
+                    invalidation:(uint64_t)invalidation
+                      lastReason:(NSString *)lastReason {
+  if ((self = [super init])) {
+    _enabled = enabled;
+    _build = build;
+    _reuse = reuse;
+    _fallback = fallback;
+    _invalidation = invalidation;
+    _lastReason = [lastReason copy];
+  }
+  return self;
+}
+@end
+
 class MLNAnnotationContext;
 
 const MLNMapViewDecelerationRate MLNMapViewDecelerationRateNormal =
@@ -3070,6 +3098,32 @@ static void *windowScreenContext = &windowScreenContext;
   self.mbglMap.setDebug(options);
 }
 
+- (BOOL)isRetainedUnderlayEnabled {
+  return _mbglMap ? self.mbglMap.isRetainedUnderlayEnabled() : YES;
+}
+
+- (void)setRetainedUnderlayEnabled:(BOOL)enabled {
+  if (_mbglMap) self.mbglMap.setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(enabled);
+}
+
+- (MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics *)retainedUnderlayDiagnostics {
+  if (!_mbglMap) {
+    return [[MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics alloc] initWithEnabled:YES
+                                                            build:0
+                                                            reuse:0
+                                                         fallback:0
+                                                     invalidation:0
+                                                       lastReason:@"unavailable"];
+  }
+  const auto snapshot = self.mbglMap.getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics();
+  return [[MLNRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics alloc] initWithEnabled:snapshot.enabled
+                                                          build:snapshot.build
+                                                          reuse:snapshot.reuse
+                                                       fallback:snapshot.fallback
+                                                   invalidation:snapshot.invalidation
+                                                     lastReason:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:snapshot.lastReason.c_str()]];
+}
+
 - (void)resetNorth {
   MLNLogInfo(@"Resetting the map rotation to a northern heading — a direction of 0 degrees.");
   [self resetNorthAnimated:YES];
diff --git a/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp b/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
index dc2fd989a..65f716c2d 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/map/map.cpp
@@ -94,6 +94,20 @@ void Map::triggerRepaint() {
     impl->onUpdate();
 }
 
+void Map::setRetainedUnderlayEnabled(bool enabled) {
+    if (impl->retainedUnderlayState->setEnabled(enabled)) {
+        impl->onUpdate();
+    }
+}
+
+bool Map::isRetainedUnderlayEnabled() const {
+    return impl->retainedUnderlayState->isEnabled();
+}
+
+RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics Map::getRetainedUnderlayDiagnostics() const {
+    return impl->retainedUnderlayState->snapshot();
+}
+
 // MARK: - Style
 
 style::Style& Map::getStyle() {
diff --git a/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.cpp
index e842aa142..a9918b2d9 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.cpp
@@ -134,6 +134,7 @@ void Map::Impl::onUpdate() {
                                .stillImageRequest = bool(stillImageRequest),
                                .crossSourceCollisions = crossSourceCollisions,
                                .fastPFOREnabled = fastPFOREnabled,
+                               .retainedUnderlayState = retainedUnderlayState,
                                .tileLodMinRadius = tileLodMinRadius,
                                .tileLodScale = tileLodScale,
                                .tileLodPitchThreshold = tileLodPitchThreshold,
diff --git a/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.hpp
index fa25df9f0..08f1cfd97 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/map/map_impl.hpp
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/style/style.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/size.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/tile/tile_operation.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp>
 
 #include <numbers>
 
@@ -100,6 +101,8 @@ public:
 
     std::unique_ptr<style::Style> style;
     AnnotationManager annotationManager;
+    std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState> retainedUnderlayState =
+        std::make_shared<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>();
 
     bool cameraMutated = false;
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer.cpp
index a3bae6a5a..987dedd50 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer.cpp
@@ -35,6 +35,7 @@ void Renderer::setObserver(RendererObserver* observer) {
 void Renderer::render(const std::shared_ptr<UpdateParameters>& updateParameters) {
     MLN_TRACE_FUNC();
     assert(updateParameters);
+    impl->synchronizeRetainedUnderlayState(updateParameters->retainedUnderlayState);
     const bool styleChanged = impl->styleLoaded && !updateParameters->styleLoaded;
     impl->styleLoaded = updateParameters->styleLoaded;
     if (!impl->dynamicTextureAtlas || styleChanged) {
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.cpp
index ae493e1e8..a80aac51e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.cpp
@@ -59,23 +59,25 @@ RendererObserver& nullObserver() {
 constexpr uint64_t RetainedCounterLogIntervalFrames = 120;
 
 void logRetainedRendererCounters(const RetainedUnderlayCache& cache) {
-    const auto snapshot = particle::rendererDebugCounterSnapshot();
-    if (snapshot.fullRendererFrame == 0 ||
-        snapshot.fullRendererFrame % RetainedCounterLogIntervalFrames != 0) {
+    const auto detailed = particle::rendererDebugCounterSnapshot();
+    const auto retained = cache.getDiagnostics();
+    if (detailed.fullRendererFrame == 0 ||
+        detailed.fullRendererFrame % RetainedCounterLogIntervalFrames != 0) {
         return;
     }
 
     std::ostringstream message;
     message << "ParticleRetained:"
-            << " frame=" << snapshot.fullRendererFrame
-            << " build=" << snapshot.retainedUnderlayBuild
-            << " reuse=" << snapshot.retainedUnderlayReuse
-            << " fallback=" << snapshot.retainedUnderlayFallback
-            << " invalidation=" << snapshot.retainedUnderlayInvalidation
-            << " reason=" << cache.getLastInvalidationReason()
-            << " staticDraw=" << snapshot.retainedUnderlayStaticGroupDraw
-            << " dynamicDraw=" << snapshot.retainedDynamicGroupDraw
-            << " particleAdvance=" << snapshot.particleSimulationAdvance;
+            << " frame=" << detailed.fullRendererFrame
+            << " enabled=" << (retained.enabled ? "true" : "false")
+            << " build=" << retained.build
+            << " reuse=" << retained.reuse
+            << " fallback=" << retained.fallback
+            << " invalidation=" << retained.invalidation
+            << " reason=" << retained.lastReason
+            << " staticDraw=" << detailed.retainedUnderlayStaticGroupDraw
+            << " dynamicDraw=" << detailed.retainedDynamicGroupDraw
+            << " particleAdvance=" << detailed.particleSimulationAdvance;
     Log::Info(Event::Render, message.str());
 }
 #endif
@@ -121,6 +123,11 @@ void Renderer::Impl::setObserver(RendererObserver* observer_) {
     observer = observer_ ? observer_ : &nullObserver();
 }
 
+void Renderer::Impl::synchronizeRetainedUnderlayState(
+    const std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>& state) {
+    retainedUnderlayCache->synchronizeRuntimeState(state);
+}
+
 void Renderer::Impl::render(const RenderTree& renderTree, const std::shared_ptr<UpdateParameters>& updateParameters) {
     MLN_TRACE_FUNC();
     particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::FullRendererFrame);
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.hpp
index ea8a0bf48..30ee7e3ca 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/renderer_impl.hpp
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ class RendererObserver;
 class RenderStaticData;
 class RenderTree;
 class RetainedUnderlayCache;
+class RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState;
 
 namespace gfx {
 class RendererBackend;
@@ -42,6 +43,7 @@ private:
     void setObserver(RendererObserver*);
 
     void render(const RenderTree&, const std::shared_ptr<UpdateParameters>&);
+    void synchronizeRetainedUnderlayState(const std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>&);
 
     void reduceMemoryUse();
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp
index ea05fb612..f19ecc09b 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.cpp
@@ -16,21 +16,71 @@
 #include <mbgl/renderer/render_static_data.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/shaders/shader_defines.hpp>
 
+#include <string_view>
+
 namespace mbgl {
 
 namespace {
 constexpr auto CompositeShaderName = "RetainedUnderlayCompositeShader";
+
+RetainedUnderlayReason retainedReason(const char* reason) noexcept {
+    if (!reason) return RetainedUnderlayReason::Unknown;
+    const std::string_view value(reason);
+    if (value == "runtime-disabled") return RetainedUnderlayReason::RuntimeDisabled;
+    if (value == "first-frame") return RetainedUnderlayReason::FirstFrame;
+    if (value == "viewport") return RetainedUnderlayReason::Viewport;
+    if (value == "camera-or-boundary") return RetainedUnderlayReason::CameraOrBoundary;
+    if (value == "no-boundary") return RetainedUnderlayReason::NoBoundary;
+    if (value == "empty-static-prefix") return RetainedUnderlayReason::EmptyStaticPrefix;
+    if (value == "style-not-loaded") return RetainedUnderlayReason::StyleNotLoaded;
+    if (value == "3d") return RetainedUnderlayReason::ThreeDimensional;
+    if (value == "debug-options") return RetainedUnderlayReason::DebugOptions;
+    if (value == "static-transition") return RetainedUnderlayReason::StaticTransition;
+    if (value == "static-placement") return RetainedUnderlayReason::StaticPlacement;
+    if (value == "legacy-ordering") return RetainedUnderlayReason::LegacyOrdering;
+    if (value == "resource-or-compositor") return RetainedUnderlayReason::ResourceOrCompositor;
+    if (value == "unsupported") return RetainedUnderlayReason::Unsupported;
+    return RetainedUnderlayReason::Unknown;
+}
 }
 
-RetainedUnderlayCache::RetainedUnderlayCache() = default;
+RetainedUnderlayCache::RetainedUnderlayCache()
+    : runtimeState(std::make_shared<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>()) {}
 RetainedUnderlayCache::~RetainedUnderlayCache() = default;
 
+void RetainedUnderlayCache::synchronizeRuntimeState(
+    const std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>& nextState) {
+    if (nextState && nextState != runtimeState) {
+        releaseResources();
+        runtimeState = nextState;
+        observedControlRevision = runtimeState->getControlRevision();
+    }
+    if (!runtimeState) return;
+    const auto revision = runtimeState->getControlRevision();
+    if (revision == observedControlRevision) return;
+    observedControlRevision = revision;
+    // GPU resources are owned and released on the renderer thread. The public setter changes
+    // the shared enabled bit first and schedules this synchronization through Map::onUpdate().
+    releaseResources();
+    if (!runtimeState->isEnabled()) {
+        lastInvalidationReason = "runtime-disabled";
+        particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayInvalidation);
+    }
+}
+
 RetainedUnderlayDecision RetainedUnderlayCache::evaluate(const std::optional<RetainedUnderlayKey>& nextKey,
                                                          bool supported,
                                                          const char* fallbackReason) {
     if (!nextKey) return RetainedUnderlayDecision::Disabled;
+    if (runtimeState && !runtimeState->isEnabled()) {
+        ++fallbackCount;
+        runtimeState->recordFallback();
+        particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayFallback);
+        return RetainedUnderlayDecision::Fallback;
+    }
     if (!supported) {
         ++fallbackCount;
+        runtimeState->recordFallback();
         particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayFallback);
         invalidate(fallbackReason ? fallbackReason : "unsupported");
         return RetainedUnderlayDecision::Fallback;
@@ -42,6 +92,7 @@ RetainedUnderlayDecision RetainedUnderlayCache::evaluate(const std::optional<Ret
     }
     if (valid) {
         ++reuseCount;
+        runtimeState->recordReuse();
         particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayReuse);
         return RetainedUnderlayDecision::Reuse;
     }
@@ -131,11 +182,13 @@ void RetainedUnderlayCache::composite(RenderOrchestrator& orchestrator, PaintPar
 void RetainedUnderlayCache::markBuildSucceeded() {
     valid = true;
     ++buildCount;
+    runtimeState->recordBuild();
     particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayBuild);
 }
 
 void RetainedUnderlayCache::markBuildFailed(const char* reason) {
     ++fallbackCount;
+    runtimeState->recordFallback();
     particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayFallback);
     invalidate(reason);
 }
@@ -143,7 +196,15 @@ void RetainedUnderlayCache::markBuildFailed(const char* reason) {
 void RetainedUnderlayCache::invalidate(const char* reason) {
     valid = false;
     lastInvalidationReason = reason ? reason : "unknown";
+    runtimeState->recordInvalidation(retainedReason(reason));
     particle::incrementRendererDebugCounter(particle::RendererDebugCounter::RetainedUnderlayInvalidation);
 }
 
+void RetainedUnderlayCache::releaseResources() {
+    valid = false;
+    key.reset();
+    compositeLayerGroup.reset();
+    offscreenTexture.reset();
+}
+
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp
index 466c7d3d5..83f09e71e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.hpp
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 
 #include <mbgl/util/mat4.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/size.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp>
 
 #include <cstdint>
 #include <memory>
@@ -54,6 +55,7 @@ public:
 
     RetainedUnderlayDecision evaluate(const std::optional<RetainedUnderlayKey>&, bool supported,
                                       const char* fallbackReason = nullptr);
+    void synchronizeRuntimeState(const std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>&);
     bool prepareResources(gfx::Context&, gfx::ShaderRegistry&, const RetainedUnderlayKey&);
     void upload(gfx::UploadPass&);
     void beginBuild(PaintParameters&);
@@ -68,9 +70,11 @@ public:
     uint64_t getReuseCount() const noexcept { return reuseCount; }
     uint64_t getFallbackCount() const noexcept { return fallbackCount; }
     const std::string& getLastInvalidationReason() const noexcept { return lastInvalidationReason; }
+    RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics getDiagnostics() const { return runtimeState->snapshot(); }
 
 private:
     bool rebuildComposite(gfx::Context&, gfx::ShaderRegistry&);
+    void releaseResources();
 
     std::optional<RetainedUnderlayKey> key;
     std::unique_ptr<gfx::OffscreenTexture> offscreenTexture;
@@ -80,6 +84,8 @@ private:
     uint64_t reuseCount = 0;
     uint64_t fallbackCount = 0;
     std::string lastInvalidationReason;
+    std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState> runtimeState;
+    uint64_t observedControlRevision = 0;
 };
 
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0c0cc464
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay.hpp>
+
+#include <atomic>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+
+enum class RetainedUnderlayReason : uint8_t {
+    None,
+    RuntimeDisabled,
+    FirstFrame,
+    Viewport,
+    CameraOrBoundary,
+    NoBoundary,
+    EmptyStaticPrefix,
+    StyleNotLoaded,
+    ThreeDimensional,
+    DebugOptions,
+    StaticTransition,
+    StaticPlacement,
+    LegacyOrdering,
+    ResourceOrCompositor,
+    Unsupported,
+    Unknown,
+};
+
+inline const char* retainedUnderlayReasonText(RetainedUnderlayReason reason) noexcept {
+    switch (reason) {
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::None: return "none";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::RuntimeDisabled: return "runtime-disabled";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::FirstFrame: return "first-frame";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::Viewport: return "viewport";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::CameraOrBoundary: return "camera-or-boundary";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::NoBoundary: return "no-boundary";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::EmptyStaticPrefix: return "empty-static-prefix";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::StyleNotLoaded: return "style-not-loaded";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::ThreeDimensional: return "3d";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::DebugOptions: return "debug-options";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::StaticTransition: return "static-transition";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::StaticPlacement: return "static-placement";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::LegacyOrdering: return "legacy-ordering";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::ResourceOrCompositor: return "resource-or-compositor";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::Unsupported: return "unsupported";
+        case RetainedUnderlayReason::Unknown: return "unknown";
+    }
+    return "unknown";
+}
+
+class RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState {
+public:
+    bool setEnabled(bool value) noexcept {
+        const bool previous = enabled.exchange(value, std::memory_order_acq_rel);
+        if (previous == value) return false;
+        controlRevision.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_release);
+        if (!value) {
+            invalidation.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+            lastReason.store(RetainedUnderlayReason::RuntimeDisabled, std::memory_order_release);
+        }
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool isEnabled() const noexcept { return enabled.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
+    uint64_t getControlRevision() const noexcept { return controlRevision.load(std::memory_order_acquire); }
+
+    RetainedUnderlayDiagnostics snapshot() const {
+        return {
+            isEnabled(),
+            build.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+            reuse.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+            fallback.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+            invalidation.load(std::memory_order_relaxed),
+            retainedUnderlayReasonText(lastReason.load(std::memory_order_acquire)),
+        };
+    }
+
+    void recordBuild() noexcept { build.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+    void recordReuse() noexcept { reuse.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+    void recordFallback() noexcept { fallback.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed); }
+    void recordInvalidation(RetainedUnderlayReason reason) noexcept {
+        lastReason.store(reason, std::memory_order_release);
+        invalidation.fetch_add(1, std::memory_order_relaxed);
+    }
+private:
+    std::atomic<bool> enabled{true};
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> controlRevision{0};
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> build{0};
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> reuse{0};
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> fallback{0};
+    std::atomic<uint64_t> invalidation{0};
+    std::atomic<RetainedUnderlayReason> lastReason{RetainedUnderlayReason::None};
+};
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/update_parameters.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/update_parameters.hpp
index 0c77e7d9c..bafcb0f44 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/update_parameters.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/update_parameters.hpp
@@ -9,8 +9,10 @@
 #include <mbgl/text/glyph.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/chrono.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/immutable.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/retained_underlay_runtime_state.hpp>
 
 #include <numbers>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 #include <mapbox/std/weak.hpp>
@@ -50,6 +52,8 @@ public:
 
     const bool fastPFOREnabled = false;
 
+    std::shared_ptr<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState> retainedUnderlayState;
+
     double tileLodMinRadius = 3;
     double tileLodScale = 1;
     double tileLodPitchThreshold = (60.0 / 180.0) * std::numbers::pi;
diff --git a/test/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.test.cpp b/test/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.test.cpp
index 2217446cd..41290e89d 100644
--- a/test/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.test.cpp
+++ b/test/renderer/retained_underlay_cache.test.cpp
@@ -87,3 +87,29 @@ TEST(RetainedUnderlayCache, UnsupportedAndResourceFailureFallBackSafely) {
     EXPECT_FALSE(cache.isValid());
     EXPECT_EQ(cache.getFallbackCount(), 2u);
 }
+
+TEST(RetainedUnderlayCache, RuntimeControlDisablesAndReenablesMapScopedCache) {
+    auto state = std::make_shared<RetainedUnderlayRuntimeState>();
+    RetainedUnderlayCache cache;
+    cache.synchronizeRuntimeState(state);
+
+    EXPECT_EQ(cache.evaluate(key(), true), RetainedUnderlayDecision::Build);
+    cache.markBuildSucceeded();
+    EXPECT_TRUE(cache.isValid());
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(state->setEnabled(false));
+    cache.synchronizeRuntimeState(state);
+    EXPECT_FALSE(cache.isValid());
+    EXPECT_EQ(cache.evaluate(key(), true), RetainedUnderlayDecision::Fallback);
+    auto disabled = state->snapshot();
+    EXPECT_FALSE(disabled.enabled);
+    EXPECT_EQ(disabled.build, 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(disabled.fallback, 1u);
+    EXPECT_EQ(disabled.invalidation, 2u); // first-frame plus the runtime disable.
+    EXPECT_EQ(disabled.lastReason, "runtime-disabled");
+
+    EXPECT_TRUE(state->setEnabled(true));
+    cache.synchronizeRuntimeState(state);
+    EXPECT_EQ(cache.evaluate(key(), true), RetainedUnderlayDecision::Build);
+    EXPECT_TRUE(state->snapshot().enabled);
+}