diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index 4a415e68b..e2db1e680 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ list(APPEND INCLUDE_FILES
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/renderable.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/renderer_backend.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/rendering_stats.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/shader.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/gfx/uniform_block.hpp
@@ -190,6 +191,7 @@ list(APPEND INCLUDE_FILES
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/renderer_observer.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/renderer/renderer_state.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/shader_program_base.hpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_group_gl.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_program_gl.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/shaders/mtl/shader_program_mtl.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/include/mbgl/storage/database_file_source.hpp
@@ -393,6 +395,7 @@ list(APPEND SRC_FILES
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/renderbuffer.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/renderer_backend.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/rendering_stats.cpp
+    ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.cpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/stencil_mode.hpp
     ${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/src/mbgl/gfx/texture.hpp
diff --git a/include/mbgl/gfx/gfx_types.hpp b/include/mbgl/gfx/gfx_types.hpp
index b0002c4c6..a73d45241 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/gfx/gfx_types.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/gfx/gfx_types.hpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ enum class AttributeDataType : uint8_t {
     UShort2,
     UShort3,
     UShort4,
+    UShort8,
 
     Int,
     Int2,
diff --git a/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp b/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..505a5b439
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader.hpp>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <shared_mutex>
+#include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+namespace gfx {
+
+class Context;
+
+/// @brief A ShaderGroup contains a collection of gfx::Shader.
+/// Using the group, shaders may be dynamically registered or replaced
+/// at runtime.
+class ShaderGroup {
+public:
+    ShaderGroup() = default;
+    ShaderGroup(const ShaderGroup&) = delete;
+    ShaderGroup(ShaderGroup&&) noexcept = delete;
+    ShaderGroup& operator=(const ShaderGroup&) = delete;
+    ShaderGroup& operator=(ShaderGroup&&) noexcept = delete;
+    virtual ~ShaderGroup() = default;
+
+    /// @brief Checks if a shader exists in the group for the given name.
+    /// @param shaderName Name of shader
+    /// @return If a shader is found, true
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool isShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Get a shader from the group by name.
+    /// @param shaderName Name of shader
+    /// @return A `gfx::Shader` or `nullptr` if no shader is found with the
+    /// given name
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> getShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Replace a matching shader in the group with the provided
+    /// instance. Shader type-names must match.
+    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader`. The ShaderGroup will take ownership.
+    /// @return True if a match was found and the shader was replaced, false
+    /// otherwise.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader) noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Replace a matching shader in the group with the provided
+    /// instance. Shader type-names must match.
+    /// This variant replaces by explicit name.
+    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader`. The ShaderGroup will take ownership.
+    /// @param shaderName Unique name to register the shader under.
+    /// @return True if a match was found and the shader was replaced, false
+    /// otherwise.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Register a new shader with the group. If a shader is present
+    /// in the group with a conflicting name, registration will fail.
+    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader` to register. The ShaderGroup will
+    /// take ownership.
+    /// @return True if the shader was registered, false if another shader is
+    /// already present with a conflicting name.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader) noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Register a new shader with the group. If a shader is present
+    /// in the group with a conflicting name, registration will fail.
+    /// This variant registers using an explicit name.
+    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader` to register. The ShaderGroup will
+    /// take ownership.
+    /// @param shaderName Unique name to register the shader under.
+    /// @return True if the shader was registered, false if another shader is
+    /// already present with a conflicting name.
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Shorthand helper to quickly get a derived type from the group.
+    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
+    /// @param shaderName The group name to look up
+    /// @return T or nullptr if not found in the group
+    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
+    std::shared_ptr<T> get(const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
+        auto shader = getShader(shaderName);
+        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
+    }
+
+    /// @brief Shorthand helper to quickly get a derived type from the group.
+    /// This variant looks up shaders only by type name.
+    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
+    /// @return T or nullptr if not found in the group
+    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
+    std::shared_ptr<T> get() noexcept {
+        auto shader = getShader(std::string(T::Name));
+        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
+            return nullptr;
+        }
+        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
+    }
+
+    /// @brief Ensure the destination 'to' is populated with the requested
+    /// shader. If already non-null, does nothing.
+    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
+    /// @param to Location to store the shader
+    /// @param shaderName The group name to look up
+    /// @return True if 'to' has a valid program object, false otherwise.
+    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
+    bool populate(std::shared_ptr<T>& to, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
+        if (to) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        auto shader = getShader(shaderName);
+        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        to = std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// @brief Ensure the destination 'to' is populated with the requested
+    /// shader. If already non-null, does nothing. This variant looks up
+    /// shaders only by type name.
+    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
+    /// @param to Location to store the shader
+    /// @return True if 'to' has a valid program object, false otherwise.
+    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
+    bool populate(std::shared_ptr<T>& to) noexcept {
+        if (to) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        auto shader = getShader(std::string(T::Name));
+        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        to = std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    /// @brief Get a shader from the group by its set of data driven properties as uniforms.
+    /// if no shader is found, create and register the shader.
+    /// @param propertiesAsUniforms Vector of data driven properties as uniforms.
+    /// @return A `gfx::Shader`
+    virtual const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> getOrCreateShader(gfx::Context&, const std::vector<std::string>&) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+private:
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>> programs;
+    mutable std::shared_mutex programLock;
+};
+
+} // namespace gfx
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp b/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp
index ec3716ceb..312a3bb9e 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #pragma once
 
-#include <mbgl/gfx/shader.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp>
 
 #include <memory>
 #include <mutex>
@@ -10,8 +10,10 @@
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace gfx {
 
-/// @brief A ShaderRegistry contains a collection of gfx::Shader instances.
-/// Using the registry, shaders may be dynamically registered or replaced
+using ShaderGroupPtr = std::shared_ptr<gfx::ShaderGroup>;
+
+/// @brief A ShaderRegistry contains a collection of gfx::ShaderGroup instances.
+/// Using the registry, shader groups may be dynamically registered or replaced
 /// at runtime.
 class ShaderRegistry {
 public:
@@ -22,120 +24,44 @@ public:
     ShaderRegistry& operator=(ShaderRegistry&&) noexcept = delete;
     virtual ~ShaderRegistry() = default;
 
-    /// @brief Checks if a shader exists in the registry for the given name.
-    /// @param shaderName Name of shader
-    /// @return If a shader is found, true
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool isShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept;
+    /// @brief Get the legacy shader group.
+    /// @return A `gfx::ShaderGroup`
+    [[nodiscard]] ShaderGroup& getLegacyGroup() noexcept;
 
-    /// @brief Get a shader from the registry by name.
-    /// @param shaderName Name of shader
-    /// @return A `gfx::Shader` or `nullptr` if no shader is found with the
+    /// @brief Checks if a shader group exists in the registry for the given name.
+    /// @param shaderGroupName Name of shader group
+    /// @return If a shader group is found, true
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool isShaderGroup(const std::string& shaderGroupName) const noexcept;
+
+    /// @brief Get a shader group from the registry by name.
+    /// @param shaderGroupName Name of shader group
+    /// @return A `gfx::ShaderGroup` or `nullptr` if no shader group is found with the
     /// given name
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> getShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual const ShaderGroupPtr getShaderGroup(const std::string& shaderGroupName) const noexcept;
 
-    /// @brief Replace a matching shader in the registry with the provided
-    /// instance. Shader type-names must match.
-    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader`. The ShaderRegistry will take ownership.
-    /// @return True if a match was found and the shader was replaced, false
+    /// @brief Replace a matching shader group in the registry with the provided
+    /// name.
+    /// @param shaderGroup A `gfx::ShaderGroup`. The ShaderRegistry will take ownership.
+    /// @param shaderGroupName Unique name to register the shader group under.
+    /// @return True if a match was found and the shader group was replaced, false
     /// otherwise.
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader) noexcept;
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool replaceShader(ShaderGroupPtr&& shaderGroup, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept;
 
-    /// @brief Replace a matching shader in the registry with the provided
-    /// instance. Shader type-names must match.
-    /// This variant replaces by explicit name.
-    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader`. The ShaderRegistry will take ownership.
-    /// @param shaderName Unique name to register the shader under.
-    /// @return True if a match was found and the shader was replaced, false
-    /// otherwise.
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept;
-
-    /// @brief Register a new shader with the registry. If a shader is present
-    /// in the registry with a conflicting name, registration will fail.
-    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader` to register. The ShaderRegistry will
+    /// @brief Register a new shader group with the registry for the given name.
+    /// If a shader group is present in the registry with a conflicting name,
+    /// registration will fail.
+    /// @param shaderGroup A `gfx::ShaderGroup` to register. The ShaderRegistry will
     /// take ownership.
-    /// @return True if the shader was registered, false if another shader is
+    /// @param shaderGroupName Unique name to register the shader group under.
+    /// @return True if the shader group was registered, false if another shader group is
     /// already present with a conflicting name.
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader) noexcept;
-
-    /// @brief Register a new shader with the registry. If a shader is present
-    /// in the registry with a conflicting name, registration will fail.
-    /// This variant registers using an explicit name.
-    /// @param shader A `gfx::Shader` to register. The ShaderRegistry will
-    /// take ownership.
-    /// @param shaderName Unique name to register the shader under.
-    /// @return True if the shader was registered, false if another shader is
-    /// already present with a conflicting name.
-    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept;
-
-    /// @brief Shorthand helper to quickly get a derived type from the registry.
-    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
-    /// @param shaderName The registry name to look up
-    /// @return T or nullptr if not found in the registry
-    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
-    std::shared_ptr<T> get(const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
-        auto shader = getShader(shaderName);
-        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
-    }
-
-    /// @brief Shorthand helper to quickly get a derived type from the registry.
-    /// This variant looks up shaders only by type name.
-    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
-    /// @return T or nullptr if not found in the registry
-    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
-    std::shared_ptr<T> get() noexcept {
-        auto shader = getShader(std::string(T::Name));
-        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
-            return nullptr;
-        }
-        return std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
-    }
-
-    /// @brief Ensure the destination 'to' is populated with the requested
-    /// shader. If already non-null, does nothing.
-    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
-    /// @param to Location to store the shader
-    /// @param shaderName The registry name to look up
-    /// @return True if 'to' has a valid program object, false otherwise.
-    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
-    bool populate(std::shared_ptr<T>& to, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
-        if (to) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        auto shader = getShader(shaderName);
-        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        to = std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /// @brief Ensure the destination 'to' is populated with the requested
-    /// shader. If already non-null, does nothing. This variant looks up
-    /// shaders only by type name.
-    /// @tparam T Derived type, inheriting `gfx::Shader`
-    /// @param to Location to store the shader
-    /// @return True if 'to' has a valid program object, false otherwise.
-    template <typename T, typename std::enable_if_t<is_shader_v<T>, bool>* = nullptr>
-    bool populate(std::shared_ptr<T>& to) noexcept {
-        if (to) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        auto shader = getShader(std::string(T::Name));
-        if (!shader || shader->typeName() != T::Name) {
-            return false;
-        }
-        to = std::static_pointer_cast<T>(shader);
-        return true;
-    }
+    [[nodiscard]] virtual bool registerShaderGroup(ShaderGroupPtr&& shaderGroup,
+                                                   const std::string& shaderGroupName) noexcept;
 
 private:
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>> programs;
-    mutable std::shared_mutex programLock;
+    gfx::ShaderGroup legacyGroup;
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, ShaderGroupPtr> shaderGroups;
+    mutable std::shared_mutex shaderGroupLock;
 };
 
 } // namespace gfx
diff --git a/include/mbgl/gfx/vertex_attribute.hpp b/include/mbgl/gfx/vertex_attribute.hpp
index a8fd844c2..83e651bfa 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/gfx/vertex_attribute.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/gfx/vertex_attribute.hpp
@@ -33,8 +33,10 @@ public:
     using int2 = std::array<std::int32_t, 2>;
     using int3 = std::array<std::int32_t, 3>;
     using int4 = std::array<std::int32_t, 4>;
+    using ushort8 = std::array<std::uint16_t, 8>;
 
-    using ElementType = std::variant<std::int32_t, int2, int3, int4, float, float2, float3, float4, matf3, matf4>;
+    using ElementType =
+        std::variant<std::int32_t, ushort8, int2, int3, int4, float, float2, float3, float4, matf3, matf4>;
 
     VertexAttribute(int index_, AttributeDataType dataType_, int size_, std::size_t count_, std::size_t stride_)
         : index(index_),
@@ -106,6 +108,19 @@ public:
         rawData.clear();
     }
 
+    template <std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
+    inline typename std::enable_if<I == sizeof...(Tp), void>::type set(std::size_t, std::tuple<Tp...>, std::size_t) {}
+
+    template <std::size_t I = 0, typename... Tp>
+        inline typename std::enable_if <
+        I<sizeof...(Tp), void>::type set(std::size_t i, std::tuple<Tp...> tuple, std::size_t tupleIndex) {
+        if (tupleIndex == 0) {
+            set(i, std::get<I>(tuple).a1);
+        } else {
+            set<I + 1, Tp...>(i, tuple, tupleIndex - 1);
+        }
+    }
+
 protected:
     VertexAttribute& operator=(const VertexAttribute&) = default;
     VertexAttribute& operator=(VertexAttribute&& other) {
@@ -219,6 +234,33 @@ public:
         return newAttrs;
     }
 
+    template <class... DataDrivenPaintProperty, class Binders, class Evaluated>
+    std::vector<std::string> readDataDrivenPaintProperties(const Binders& binders, const Evaluated& evaluated) {
+        std::vector<std::string> propertiesAsUniforms;
+        (
+            [&](const auto& attributeNames) {
+                for (std::size_t attrIndex = 0; attrIndex < attributeNames.size(); ++attrIndex) {
+                    const auto& attributeName = std::string(attributeNames[attrIndex]);
+                    if (auto& binder = binders.template get<DataDrivenPaintProperty>()) {
+                        const auto vertexCount = binder->getVertexCount();
+                        const auto isConstant = evaluated.template get<DataDrivenPaintProperty>().isConstant();
+                        if (vertexCount > 0 && !isConstant) {
+                            if (auto& attr = getOrAdd("a_" + attributeName)) {
+                                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < vertexCount; ++i) {
+                                    attr->set(i, binder->getVertexValue(i), attrIndex);
+                                }
+                            }
+                            propertiesAsUniforms.emplace_back("");
+                        } else {
+                            propertiesAsUniforms.emplace_back(attributeName);
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }(DataDrivenPaintProperty::AttributeNames),
+            ...);
+        return propertiesAsUniforms;
+    }
+
 protected:
     const std::unique_ptr<VertexAttribute>& add(std::string name, std::unique_ptr<VertexAttribute>&& attr) {
         const auto result = attrs.insert(std::make_pair(std::move(name), std::unique_ptr<VertexAttribute>()));
diff --git a/include/mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_group_gl.hpp b/include/mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_group_gl.hpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ded983f6e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/include/mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_group_gl.hpp
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_program_gl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/shaders/shader_source.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/programs/program_parameters.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+namespace gl {
+
+template <shaders::BuiltIn ShaderID>
+class ShaderGroupGL final : public gfx::ShaderGroup {
+public:
+    ShaderGroupGL(const ProgramParameters& programParameters_)
+        : ShaderGroup(),
+          programParameters(programParameters_){};
+    ~ShaderGroupGL() noexcept override = default;
+
+    const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> getOrCreateShader(
+        gfx::Context& context, const std::vector<std::string>& propertiesAsUniforms) override {
+        const auto& name = shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::name;
+        const auto& vert = shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::vertex;
+        const auto& frag = shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::fragment;
+
+        uint32_t key = 0;
+        std::string additionalDefines;
+        for (unsigned int i = 0; i < propertiesAsUniforms.size(); i++) {
+            if (propertiesAsUniforms[i].empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            key |= 1 << i;
+            additionalDefines += "#define HAS_UNIFORM_u_";
+            additionalDefines += propertiesAsUniforms[i];
+            additionalDefines += "\n";
+        }
+        std::string shaderName = std::string(name) + "#" + std::to_string(key);
+        auto shader = get<gl::ShaderProgramGL>(shaderName);
+        if (!shader) {
+            shader = ShaderProgramGL::create(
+                static_cast<gl::Context&>(context), programParameters, shaderName, vert, frag, additionalDefines);
+            if (!registerShader(shader, shaderName)) {
+                throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register " + shaderName + " with shader group!");
+            }
+        }
+        return shader;
+    }
+
+private:
+    ProgramParameters programParameters;
+};
+
+} // namespace gl
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/include/mbgl/util/vectors.hpp b/include/mbgl/util/vectors.hpp
index 90371284d..26f56e639 100644
--- a/include/mbgl/util/vectors.hpp
+++ b/include/mbgl/util/vectors.hpp
@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 
@@ -10,4 +11,14 @@ using vec3f = std::array<float, 3>;
 using vec3i = std::array<int, 3>;
 using vec4 = std::array<double, 4>;
 
-} // namespace mbgl
\ No newline at end of file
+template <typename Type, std::size_t... sizes>
+auto concatenate(const std::array<Type, sizes>&... arrays) {
+    std::array<Type, (sizes + ...)> result;
+    std::size_t index{};
+
+    ((std::copy_n(arrays.begin(), sizes, result.begin() + index), index += sizes), ...);
+
+    return result;
+}
+
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp b/src/mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp
index 16ae730c5..2ff1ef573 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp
@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ struct AttributeDataTypeOf<uint16_t, 3> : std::integral_constant<AttributeDataTy
 template <>
 struct AttributeDataTypeOf<uint16_t, 4> : std::integral_constant<AttributeDataType, AttributeDataType::UShort4> {};
 template <>
+struct AttributeDataTypeOf<uint16_t, 8> : std::integral_constant<AttributeDataType, AttributeDataType::UShort8> {};
+template <>
 struct AttributeDataTypeOf<int32_t, 1> : std::integral_constant<AttributeDataType, AttributeDataType::Int> {};
 template <>
 struct AttributeDataTypeOf<int32_t, 2> : std::integral_constant<AttributeDataType, AttributeDataType::Int2> {};
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.cpp b/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.cpp
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e30856f71
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_group.cpp
@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader.hpp>
+
+namespace mbgl {
+namespace gfx {
+
+bool ShaderGroup::isShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept {
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(programLock);
+    return programs.find(shaderName) != programs.end();
+}
+
+const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> ShaderGroup::getShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept {
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(programLock);
+    const auto it = programs.find(shaderName);
+    if (it == programs.end()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+
+    return it->second;
+}
+
+bool ShaderGroup::replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>&& shader) noexcept {
+    return replaceShader(std::move(shader), std::string{shader->typeName()});
+}
+
+bool ShaderGroup::replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
+    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(programLock);
+    if (programs.find(shaderName) == programs.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    programs[shaderName] = std::move(shader);
+    return true;
+}
+
+bool ShaderGroup::registerShader(std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>&& shader) noexcept {
+    return registerShader(std::move(shader), std::string{shader->typeName()});
+}
+
+bool ShaderGroup::registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
+    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(programLock);
+    if (programs.find(shaderName) != programs.end()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    programs.emplace(shaderName, std::move(shader));
+    return true;
+}
+
+} // namespace gfx
+} // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.cpp b/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.cpp
index 87aeed6ea..ff4ad6da6 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.cpp
@@ -1,51 +1,48 @@
 #include <mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/gfx/shader.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 namespace gfx {
 
-ShaderRegistry::ShaderRegistry() {}
+ShaderRegistry::ShaderRegistry()
+    : legacyGroup() {}
 
-bool ShaderRegistry::isShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept {
-    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(programLock);
-    return programs.find(shaderName) != programs.end();
+ShaderGroup& ShaderRegistry::getLegacyGroup() noexcept {
+    return legacyGroup;
 }
 
-const std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader> ShaderRegistry::getShader(const std::string& shaderName) const noexcept {
-    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(programLock);
-    const auto it = programs.find(shaderName);
-    if (it == programs.end()) {
+bool ShaderRegistry::isShaderGroup(const std::string& shaderGroupName) const noexcept {
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(shaderGroupLock);
+    return shaderGroups.find(shaderGroupName) != shaderGroups.end();
+}
+
+const ShaderGroupPtr ShaderRegistry::getShaderGroup(const std::string& shaderGroupName) const noexcept {
+    std::shared_lock<std::shared_mutex> readerLock(shaderGroupLock);
+    const auto it = shaderGroups.find(shaderGroupName);
+    if (it == shaderGroups.end()) {
         return nullptr;
     }
 
     return it->second;
 }
 
-bool ShaderRegistry::replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>&& shader) noexcept {
-    return replaceShader(std::move(shader), std::string{shader->typeName()});
-}
-
-bool ShaderRegistry::replaceShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
-    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(programLock);
-    if (programs.find(shaderName) == programs.end()) {
+bool ShaderRegistry::replaceShader(ShaderGroupPtr&& shader, const std::string& shaderGroupName) noexcept {
+    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(shaderGroupLock);
+    if (shaderGroups.find(shaderGroupName) == shaderGroups.end()) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    programs[shaderName] = std::move(shader);
+    shaderGroups[shaderGroupName] = std::move(shader);
     return true;
 }
 
-bool ShaderRegistry::registerShader(std::shared_ptr<gfx::Shader>&& shader) noexcept {
-    return registerShader(std::move(shader), std::string{shader->typeName()});
-}
-
-bool ShaderRegistry::registerShader(std::shared_ptr<Shader>&& shader, const std::string& shaderName) noexcept {
-    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(programLock);
-    if (programs.find(shaderName) != programs.end()) {
+bool ShaderRegistry::registerShaderGroup(ShaderGroupPtr&& shader, const std::string& shaderGroupName) noexcept {
+    std::unique_lock<std::shared_mutex> writerLock(shaderGroupLock);
+    if (shaderGroups.find(shaderGroupName) != shaderGroups.end()) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    programs.emplace(shaderName, std::move(shader));
+    shaderGroups.emplace(shaderGroupName, std::move(shader));
     return true;
 }
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp b/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
index d4e4fdfb8..8c766a7c0 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/context.cpp
@@ -468,7 +468,9 @@ gfx::UniformBufferPtr Context::createUniformBuffer(const void* data, std::size_t
 }
 
 gfx::ShaderProgramBasePtr Context::getGenericShader(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders, const std::string& name) {
-    return shaders.get<gl::ShaderProgramGL>(name);
+    std::vector<std::string> emptyAttributes(0);
+    return std::static_pointer_cast<gfx::ShaderProgramBase>(
+        shaders.getShaderGroup(name)->getOrCreateShader(*this, emptyAttributes));
 }
 
 TileLayerGroupPtr Context::createTileLayerGroup(int32_t layerIndex, std::size_t initialCapacity, std::string name) {
diff --git a/src/mbgl/gl/renderer_backend.cpp b/src/mbgl/gl/renderer_backend.cpp
index 918493152..aee296fb8 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/gl/renderer_backend.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/gl/renderer_backend.cpp
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 #include <mbgl/gl/context.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gl/extension.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/shaders/shader_manifest.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_program_gl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/shaders/gl/shader_group_gl.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/logging.hpp>
 
 #include <cassert>
@@ -69,10 +69,9 @@ RendererBackend::~RendererBackend() = default;
 /// @brief Register a list of types with a shader registry instance
 /// @tparam ...ShaderID Pack of BuiltIn:: shader IDs
 /// @param registry A shader registry instance
-/// @param glContext The GL context instance
 /// @param programParameters ProgramParameters used to initialize each instance
 template <shaders::BuiltIn... ShaderID>
-void registerTypes(gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry, gl::Context& glContext, const ProgramParameters& programParameters) {
+void registerTypes(gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry, const ProgramParameters& programParameters) {
     /// The following fold expression will create a shader for every type
     /// in the parameter pack and register it with the shader registry.
 
@@ -80,15 +79,12 @@ void registerTypes(gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry, gl::Context& glContext, const
     /// failure, we shouldn't expect registration to faill unless the shader
     /// registry instance provided already has conflicting programs present.
     (
-        [&](const std::string& name, const std::string& vert, const std::string& frag) {
+        [&]() {
             using Ty = shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>;
-            if (!registry.registerShader(gl::ShaderProgramGL::create(glContext, programParameters, name, vert, frag),
-                                         name)) {
+            if (!registry.registerShaderGroup(std::make_shared<ShaderGroupGL<ShaderID>>(programParameters), Ty::name)) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register " + std::string(Ty::name) + " with shader registry!");
             }
-        }(shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::name,
-          shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::vertex,
-          shaders::ShaderSource<ShaderID, gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL>::fragment),
+        }(),
         ...);
 }
 
@@ -100,7 +96,7 @@ void RendererBackend::initShaders(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders, const ProgramPar
                   shaders::BuiltIn::FillOutlineShader,
                   shaders::BuiltIn::FillOutlinePatternShader,
                   shaders::BuiltIn::FillPatternShader,
-                  shaders::BuiltIn::RasterShader>(shaders, static_cast<gl::Context&>(*context), programParameters);
+                  shaders::BuiltIn::RasterShader>(shaders, programParameters);
 }
 
 } // namespace gl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/programs/programs.cpp b/src/mbgl/programs/programs.cpp
index a6cb91ed6..30380dcea 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/programs/programs.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/programs/programs.cpp
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ void registerTypes(gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry, const ProgramParameters& progr
             if (!expr) {
                 throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register " + std::string(T::Name) + " with shader registry!");
             }
-        }(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<T>(programParameters_))),
+        }(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<T>(programParameters_))),
         ...);
 }
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.cpp
index 201d744da..5f6c007e4 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.cpp
@@ -40,17 +40,9 @@ struct alignas(16) CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO {
 };
 static_assert(sizeof(CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO) % 16 == 0);
 
-struct alignas(16) CircleInterpolateUBO {
-    float color_t;
-    float radius_t;
-    float blur_t;
-    float opacity_t;
-    float stroke_color_t;
-    float stroke_width_t;
-    float stroke_opacity_t;
-    float padding;
-};
-static_assert(sizeof(CircleInterpolateUBO) % 16 == 0);
+static constexpr std::string_view CircleDrawableUBOName = "CircleDrawableUBO";
+static constexpr std::string_view CirclePaintParamsUBOName = "CirclePaintParamsUBO";
+static constexpr std::string_view CircleEvaluatedPropsUBOName = "CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO";
 
 void CircleLayerTweaker::execute(LayerGroup& layerGroup,
                                  const RenderTree& renderTree,
@@ -66,9 +58,10 @@ void CircleLayerTweaker::execute(LayerGroup& layerGroup,
     const auto debugGroup = parameters.encoder->createDebugGroup(label.c_str());
 #endif
 
-    CirclePaintParamsUBO paintParamsUBO;
-    paintParamsUBO.camera_to_center_distance = parameters.state.getCameraToCenterDistance();
-    paintParamsUBO.device_pixel_ratio = parameters.pixelRatio;
+    CirclePaintParamsUBO paintParamsUBO = {
+        /* .camera_to_center_distance = */ parameters.state.getCameraToCenterDistance(),
+        /* .device_pixel_ratio = */ parameters.pixelRatio,
+        /* .padding = */ {0}};
 
     if (!paintParamsUniformBuffer) {
         paintParamsUniformBuffer = parameters.context.createUniformBuffer(&paintParamsUBO, sizeof(paintParamsUBO));
@@ -79,39 +72,25 @@ void CircleLayerTweaker::execute(LayerGroup& layerGroup,
     const bool pitchWithMap = evaluated.get<CirclePitchAlignment>() == AlignmentType::Map;
 
     if (!evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer) {
-        CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO evaluatedPropsUBO;
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.color = evaluated.get<CircleColor>().constantOr(Color());
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.radius = evaluated.get<CircleRadius>().constantOr(0);
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.blur = evaluated.get<CircleBlur>().constantOr(0);
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.opacity = evaluated.get<CircleOpacity>().constantOr(0);
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.stroke_color = evaluated.get<CircleStrokeColor>().constantOr(Color());
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.stroke_width = evaluated.get<CircleStrokeWidth>().constantOr(0);
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.stroke_opacity = evaluated.get<CircleStrokeOpacity>().constantOr(0);
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.scale_with_map = evaluated.get<CirclePitchScale>() == CirclePitchScaleType::Map;
-        evaluatedPropsUBO.pitch_with_map = pitchWithMap;
+        CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO evaluatedPropsUBO = {
+            /* .color = */ evaluated.get<CircleColor>().constantOr(CircleColor::defaultValue()),
+            /* .stroke_color = */ evaluated.get<CircleStrokeColor>().constantOr(CircleStrokeColor::defaultValue()),
+            /* .radius = */ evaluated.get<CircleRadius>().constantOr(CircleRadius::defaultValue()),
+            /* .blur = */ evaluated.get<CircleBlur>().constantOr(CircleBlur::defaultValue()),
+            /* .opacity = */ evaluated.get<CircleOpacity>().constantOr(CircleOpacity::defaultValue()),
+            /* .stroke_width = */ evaluated.get<CircleStrokeWidth>().constantOr(CircleStrokeWidth::defaultValue()),
+            /* .stroke_opacity = */
+            evaluated.get<CircleStrokeOpacity>().constantOr(CircleStrokeOpacity::defaultValue()),
+            /* .scale_with_map = */ evaluated.get<CirclePitchScale>() == CirclePitchScaleType::Map,
+            /* .pitch_with_map = */ pitchWithMap,
+            /* .padding = */ 0};
         evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer = parameters.context.createUniformBuffer(&evaluatedPropsUBO,
                                                                              sizeof(evaluatedPropsUBO));
     }
 
-    CircleInterpolateUBO interpolateUBO;
-    interpolateUBO.color_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.radius_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.blur_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.opacity_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.stroke_color_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.stroke_width_t = 0;
-    interpolateUBO.stroke_opacity_t = 0;
-
-    if (!interpolateUniformBuffer) {
-        interpolateUniformBuffer = parameters.context.createUniformBuffer(&interpolateUBO, sizeof(interpolateUBO));
-    } else {
-        interpolateUniformBuffer->update(&interpolateUBO, sizeof(CircleInterpolateUBO));
-    }
-
     layerGroup.observeDrawables([&](gfx::Drawable& drawable) {
-        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace("CirclePaintParamsUBO", paintParamsUniformBuffer);
-        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace("CircleEvaluatedPropsUBO", evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer);
-        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace("CircleInterpolateUBO", interpolateUniformBuffer);
+        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace(CirclePaintParamsUBOName, paintParamsUniformBuffer);
+        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace(CircleEvaluatedPropsUBOName, evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer);
 
         if (!drawable.getTileID()) {
             return;
@@ -124,20 +103,15 @@ void CircleLayerTweaker::execute(LayerGroup& layerGroup,
         const auto matrix = getTileMatrix(
             tileID, renderTree, parameters.state, translation, anchor, inViewportPixelUnits);
 
-        CircleDrawableUBO drawableUBO;
-        drawableUBO.matrix = util::cast<float>(matrix);
-        drawableUBO.extrude_scale =
-            pitchWithMap
-                ? std::array<float, 2>{{tileID.pixelsToTileUnits(1.0f, static_cast<float>(parameters.state.getZoom())),
-                                        tileID.pixelsToTileUnits(1.0f, static_cast<float>(parameters.state.getZoom()))}}
-                : parameters.pixelsToGLUnits;
+        const auto pixelsToTileUnits = tileID.pixelsToTileUnits(1.0f, static_cast<float>(parameters.state.getZoom()));
 
-        if (auto& ubo = drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().get("CircleDrawableUBO")) {
-            ubo->update(&drawableUBO, sizeof(drawableUBO));
-        } else {
-            auto drawableUniformBuffer = parameters.context.createUniformBuffer(&drawableUBO, sizeof(drawableUBO));
-            drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().addOrReplace("CircleDrawableUBO", drawableUniformBuffer);
-        }
+        CircleDrawableUBO drawableUBO = {
+            /* .matrix = */ util::cast<float>(matrix),
+            /* .extrude_scale = */
+            pitchWithMap ? std::array<float, 2>{{pixelsToTileUnits}} : parameters.pixelsToGLUnits,
+            /* .padding = */ {0}};
+
+        drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(CircleDrawableUBOName, &drawableUBO, parameters.context);
     });
 }
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.hpp
index adf716ef8..6116275c6 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/circle_layer_tweaker.hpp
@@ -23,9 +23,8 @@ public:
     void execute(LayerGroup&, const RenderTree&, const PaintParameters&) override;
 
 protected:
-    gfx::UniformBufferPtr paintParamsUniformBuffer = nullptr;
-    gfx::UniformBufferPtr evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer = nullptr;
-    gfx::UniformBufferPtr interpolateUniformBuffer = nullptr;
+    gfx::UniformBufferPtr paintParamsUniformBuffer;
+    gfx::UniformBufferPtr evaluatedPropsUniformBuffer;
 };
 
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_background_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_background_layer.cpp
index 3f08a1404..f4c99cd4c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_background_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_background_layer.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ void RenderBackgroundLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
     // is drawn with glClear rather than this method.
 
     // Ensure programs are available
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(backgroundProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(backgroundPatternProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(backgroundProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(backgroundPatternProgram)) return;
 
     const Properties<>::PossiblyEvaluated properties;
     const BackgroundProgram::Binders paintAttributeData(properties, 0);
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.cpp
index c617aa023..70e17b28c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.cpp
@@ -8,9 +8,11 @@
 #include <mbgl/programs/circle_program.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/tile/tile.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/style/layers/circle_layer_impl.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/shaders/shader_program_base.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/geometry/feature_index.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/drawable_builder.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/cull_face_mode.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/gfx/shader_group.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/shader_registry.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/math.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/intersection_tests.hpp>
@@ -92,7 +94,7 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(circleProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(circleProgram)) return;
 
     const auto drawTile = [&](const RenderTile& tile, const LayerRenderData* data, const auto& segments) {
         auto& circleBucket = static_cast<CircleBucket&>(*data->bucket);
@@ -255,18 +257,37 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::removeTile(RenderPass renderPass, const OverscaledTileID
     stats.tileDrawablesRemoved += tileLayerGroup->removeDrawables(renderPass, tileID).size();
 }
 
+struct alignas(16) CircleInterpolateUBO {
+    float color_t;
+    float radius_t;
+    float blur_t;
+    float opacity_t;
+    float stroke_color_t;
+    float stroke_width_t;
+    float stroke_opacity_t;
+    float padding;
+};
+static_assert(sizeof(CircleInterpolateUBO) % 16 == 0);
+
+static const std::string CircleShaderGroupName = "CircleShader";
+static constexpr std::string_view CircleInterpolateUBOName = "CircleInterpolateUBO";
+
 void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
                                gfx::Context& context,
-                               const TransformState& /*state*/,
+                               const TransformState& state,
                                [[maybe_unused]] const RenderTree& renderTree,
                                UniqueChangeRequestVec& changes) {
     std::unique_lock<std::mutex> guard(mutex);
 
-    if (!renderTiles || renderTiles->empty()) {
+    const auto removeAll = [&]() {
         if (tileLayerGroup) {
             stats.tileDrawablesRemoved += tileLayerGroup->getDrawableCount();
             tileLayerGroup->clearDrawables();
         }
+    };
+
+    if (!renderTiles || renderTiles->empty()) {
+        removeAll();
         return;
     }
 
@@ -280,8 +301,12 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
         changes.emplace_back(std::make_unique<AddLayerGroupRequest>(tileLayerGroup, /*canReplace=*/true));
     }
 
-    if (!circleShader) {
-        circleShader = context.getGenericShader(shaders, "CircleShader");
+    if (!circleShaderGroup) {
+        circleShaderGroup = shaders.getShaderGroup(CircleShaderGroupName);
+    }
+    if (!circleShaderGroup) {
+        removeAll();
+        return;
     }
 
     std::unordered_set<OverscaledTileID> newTileIDs(renderTiles->size());
@@ -308,13 +333,11 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
         }
     });
 
+    const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const CircleLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
+
     for (const RenderTile& tile : *renderTiles) {
         const auto& tileID = tile.getOverscaledTileID();
 
-        if (tileLayerGroup->getDrawableCount(renderPass, tileID) > 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
         const LayerRenderData* renderData = getRenderDataForPass(tile, renderPass);
         if (!renderData) {
             removeTile(renderPass, tileID);
@@ -322,6 +345,45 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
         }
 
         auto& bucket = static_cast<CircleBucket&>(*renderData->bucket);
+        const auto& paintPropertyBinders = bucket.paintPropertyBinders.at(getID());
+
+        float zoom = static_cast<float>(state.getZoom());
+        const CircleInterpolateUBO interpolateUBO = {
+            /* .color_t = */ std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleColor>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .radius_t = */ std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleRadius>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .blur_t = */ std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleBlur>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .opacity_t = */ std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .stroke_color_t = */
+            std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeColor>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .stroke_width_t = */
+            std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeWidth>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .stroke_opacity_t = */
+            std::get<0>(paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeOpacity>()->interpolationFactor(zoom)),
+            /* .padding = */ 0};
+
+        tileLayerGroup->observeDrawables(renderPass, tileID, [&](gfx::Drawable& drawable) {
+            drawable.mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(CircleInterpolateUBOName, &interpolateUBO, context);
+        });
+
+        if (tileLayerGroup->getDrawableCount(renderPass, tileID) > 0) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        circleVertexAttrs.clear();
+
+        auto propertiesAsUniforms = circleVertexAttrs.readDataDrivenPaintProperties<CircleColor,
+                                                                                    CircleRadius,
+                                                                                    CircleBlur,
+                                                                                    CircleOpacity,
+                                                                                    CircleStrokeColor,
+                                                                                    CircleStrokeWidth,
+                                                                                    CircleStrokeOpacity>(
+            paintPropertyBinders, evaluated);
+
+        auto circleShader = circleShaderGroup->getOrCreateShader(context, propertiesAsUniforms);
+        if (!circleShader) {
+            continue;
+        }
 
         std::vector<std::array<int16_t, 2>> rawVerts;
         const auto buildVertices = [&]() {
@@ -333,94 +395,8 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
             }
         };
 
-        circleVertexAttrs.clear();
-
-        const auto& paintPropertyBinders = bucket.paintPropertyBinders.at(getID());
-
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleColor>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_color")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& packedColor = static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 2>>*>(
-                                                  binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                                                  ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float4>(
-                        i, {packedColor[0], packedColor[1], packedColor[0], packedColor[1]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleRadius>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_radius")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& radius = static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 1>>*>(
-                                             binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                                             ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float2>(i, {radius[0], radius[0]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleBlur>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_blur")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& blur = static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 1>>*>(
-                                           binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                                           ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float2>(i, {blur[0], blur[0]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleOpacity>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_opacity")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& opacity = static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 1>>*>(
-                                              binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                                              ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float2>(i, {opacity[0], opacity[0]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeColor>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_stroke_color")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& packedStrokeColor =
-                        static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 2>>*>(
-                            binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                            ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float4>(
-                        i, {packedStrokeColor[0], packedStrokeColor[1], packedStrokeColor[0], packedStrokeColor[1]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeWidth>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_stroke_width")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& strokeWidth = static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 1>>*>(
-                                                  binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                                                  ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float2>(i, {strokeWidth[0], strokeWidth[0]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-        if (auto& binder = paintPropertyBinders.get<CircleStrokeOpacity>()) {
-            const auto count = binder->getVertexCount();
-            if (auto& attr = circleVertexAttrs.getOrAdd("a_stroke_opacity")) {
-                for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-                    const auto& strokeOpacity =
-                        static_cast<const gfx::detail::VertexType<gfx::AttributeType<float, 1>>*>(
-                            binder->getVertexValue(i))
-                            ->a1;
-                    attr->set<gfx::VertexAttribute::float2>(i, {strokeOpacity[0], strokeOpacity[0]});
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
         circleBuilder = context.createDrawableBuilder("circle");
-        circleBuilder->setShader(circleShader);
+        circleBuilder->setShader(std::static_pointer_cast<gfx::ShaderProgramBase>(circleShader));
         circleBuilder->setColorAttrMode(gfx::DrawableBuilder::ColorAttrMode::None);
         circleBuilder->setDepthType((renderPass == RenderPass::Opaque) ? gfx::DepthMaskType::ReadWrite
                                                                        : gfx::DepthMaskType::ReadOnly);
@@ -432,14 +408,15 @@ void RenderCircleLayer::update(gfx::ShaderRegistry& shaders,
         buildVertices();
         circleBuilder->addVertices(rawVerts, 0, rawVerts.size());
 
-        for (const auto& seg : bucket.segments) {
-            circleBuilder->addTriangles(bucket.triangles.vector(), seg.indexOffset, seg.indexLength);
-        }
+        circleBuilder->setSegments(gfx::Triangles(),
+                                   bucket.triangles.vector(),
+                                   reinterpret_cast<const std::vector<Segment<void>>&>(bucket.segments));
 
         circleBuilder->flush();
 
         for (auto& drawable : circleBuilder->clearDrawables()) {
             drawable->setTileID(tileID);
+            drawable->mutableUniformBuffers().createOrUpdate(CircleInterpolateUBOName, &interpolateUBO, context);
 
             tileLayerGroup->addDrawable(renderPass, tileID, std::move(drawable));
             ++stats.tileDrawablesAdded;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.hpp
index c8786cb72..da0bfb311 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_circle_layer.hpp
@@ -8,6 +8,13 @@ namespace mbgl {
 
 class CircleProgram;
 
+namespace gfx {
+class ShaderGroup;
+class UniformBuffer;
+using ShaderGroupPtr = std::shared_ptr<ShaderGroup>;
+using UniformBufferPtr = std::shared_ptr<UniformBuffer>;
+} // namespace gfx
+
 class RenderCircleLayer final : public RenderLayer {
 public:
     explicit RenderCircleLayer(Immutable<style::CircleLayer::Impl>);
@@ -46,7 +53,7 @@ private:
     // Programs
     std::shared_ptr<CircleProgram> circleProgram;
 
-    gfx::ShaderProgramBasePtr circleShader;
+    gfx::ShaderGroupPtr circleShaderGroup;
 };
 
 } // namespace mbgl
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_extrusion_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_extrusion_layer.cpp
index 0af94e8c6..3f9a32db5 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_extrusion_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_extrusion_layer.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,8 @@ void RenderFillExtrusionLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillExtrusionProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillExtrusionPatternProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillExtrusionProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillExtrusionPatternProgram)) return;
 
     const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const FillExtrusionLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
     const auto& crossfade = static_cast<const FillExtrusionLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).crossfade;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_layer.cpp
index 7a4ecddf2..bbb7da2b3 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_fill_layer.cpp
@@ -84,10 +84,10 @@ bool RenderFillLayer::hasCrossfade() const {
 void RenderFillLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
     assert(renderTiles);
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillPatternProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillOutlineProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(fillOutlinePatternProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillPatternProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillOutlineProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(fillOutlinePatternProgram)) return;
 
     if (unevaluated.get<FillPattern>().isUndefined()) {
         parameters.renderTileClippingMasks(renderTiles);
@@ -301,10 +301,8 @@ bool bindFloat(const FloatBinder& binder, gfx::VertexAttributeArray& attrs, std:
     const auto count = binder.getVertexCount();
     if (auto& attr = attrs.getOrAdd(std::move(attributeName))) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            const auto& value = static_cast<const FloatVertex*>(binder.getVertexValue(i))->a1;
-            const auto& from = value; // TODO: should be two different values, right?
-            const auto& to = value;
-            attr->set(i, util::concat(from, to));
+            const auto& value = std::get<0>(binder.getVertexValue(i)).a1;
+            attr->set(i, value);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -321,10 +319,8 @@ bool bindFloatPair(const FloatPairBinder& binder, gfx::VertexAttributeArray& att
     // check that vertexVector.elements() == sum(segments.vertexLength)
     if (auto& attr = attrs.getOrAdd(std::move(attributeName))) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            const auto& value = static_cast<const FloatPairVertex*>(binder.getVertexValue(i))->a1;
-            const auto& from = value; // TODO: should be two different values, right?
-            const auto& to = value;
-            attr->set(i, util::concat(from, to));
+            const auto& value = std::get<0>(binder.getVertexValue(i)).a1;
+            attr->set(i, value);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -341,10 +337,8 @@ bool bindColor(const ColorBinder& binder, gfx::VertexAttributeArray& attrs, std:
     // check that vertexVector.elements() == sum(segments.vertexLength)
     if (auto& attr = attrs.getOrAdd(std::move(attributeName))) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            const auto& value = static_cast<const FloatPairVertex*>(binder.getVertexValue(i))->a1;
-            const auto& from = value; // TODO: should be two different values, right?
-            const auto& to = value;
-            attr->set(i, util::concat(from, to));
+            const auto& value = std::get<0>(binder.getVertexValue(i)).a1;
+            attr->set(i, value);
         }
         return true;
     }
@@ -361,8 +355,8 @@ bool bindImage(const ImageBinder& binder, gfx::VertexAttributeArray& attrs, std:
     // check that vertexVector.elements() == sum(segments.vertexLength)
     if (auto& attr = attrs.getOrAdd(std::move(attributeName))) {
         for (std::size_t i = 0; i < count; ++i) {
-            const auto& value = static_cast<const UShortQuadVertex*>(binder.getVertexValue(i))->a1;
-            attr->set(i, util::cast<int32_t>(value));
+            const auto& value = std::get<0>(binder.getVertexValue(i)).a1;
+            attr->set(i, value);
         }
         return true;
     }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_heatmap_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_heatmap_layer.cpp
index eda2b698d..961fc658c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_heatmap_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_heatmap_layer.cpp
@@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ void RenderHeatmapLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(heatmapProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(heatmapTextureProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(heatmapProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(heatmapTextureProgram)) return;
 
     if (parameters.pass == RenderPass::Pass3D) {
         const auto& viewportSize = parameters.staticData.backendSize;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_hillshade_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_hillshade_layer.cpp
index 7818763de..30a60f44f 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_hillshade_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_hillshade_layer.cpp
@@ -79,8 +79,8 @@ void RenderHillshadeLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
     assert(renderTiles);
     if (parameters.pass != RenderPass::Translucent && parameters.pass != RenderPass::Pass3D) return;
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(hillshadeProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(hillshadePrepareProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(hillshadeProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(hillshadePrepareProgram)) return;
 
     const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const HillshadeLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
     auto draw = [&](const mat4& matrix,
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.cpp
index 727ffed9c..477d35544 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_line_layer.cpp
@@ -95,10 +95,10 @@ void RenderLineLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(lineProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(lineGradientProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(lineSDFProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(linePatternProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineGradientProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(lineSDFProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(linePatternProgram)) return;
 
     parameters.renderTileClippingMasks(renderTiles);
 
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_raster_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_raster_layer.cpp
index 7de33af67..f67eeefd3 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_raster_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_raster_layer.cpp
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ void RenderRasterLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(rasterProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(rasterProgram)) return;
 
     const auto& evaluated = static_cast<const RasterLayerProperties&>(*evaluatedProperties).evaluated;
     RasterProgram::Binders paintAttributeData{evaluated, 0};
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_symbol_layer.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_symbol_layer.cpp
index 6254f1369..d9e5775b1 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_symbol_layer.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/layers/render_symbol_layer.cpp
@@ -359,12 +359,12 @@ void RenderSymbolLayer::render(PaintParameters& parameters) {
         return;
     }
 
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.symbolIconProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.symbolSDFIconProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.symbolSDFTextProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.symbolTextAndIconProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.collisionBoxProgram)) return;
-    if (!parameters.shaders.populate(programs.collisionCircleProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.symbolIconProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.symbolSDFIconProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.symbolSDFTextProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.symbolTextAndIconProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.collisionBoxProgram)) return;
+    if (!parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().populate(programs.collisionCircleProgram)) return;
 
     const bool sortFeaturesByKey = !impl_cast(baseImpl).layout.get<SymbolSortKey>().isUndefined();
     std::multiset<RenderableSegment> renderableSegments;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.cpp
index 63eac29ca..d3e4cf20f 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_parameters.cpp
@@ -138,7 +138,8 @@ void PaintParameters::renderTileClippingMasks(TIter beg, TIter end, GetTileIDFun
         clearStencil();
     }
 
-    auto program = staticData.shaders->get<ClippingMaskProgram>();
+    auto program = staticData.shaders->getLegacyGroup().get<ClippingMaskProgram>();
+
     if (!program) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_property_binder.hpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_property_binder.hpp
index 19dbcc483..7bacca46c 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_property_binder.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/paint_property_binder.hpp
@@ -1,21 +1,20 @@
 #pragma once
 
+#include <mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/context.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/uniform.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/gfx/attribute.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/gfx/upload_pass.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/layout/pattern_layout.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/programs/attributes.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/cross_faded_property_evaluator.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/image_atlas.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/paint_property_statistics.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/renderer/possibly_evaluated_property_value.hpp>
+#include <mbgl/util/indexed_tuple.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/literal.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/type_list.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/possibly_evaluated_property_value.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/paint_property_statistics.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/cross_faded_property_evaluator.hpp>
 #include <mbgl/util/variant.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/renderer/image_atlas.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/util/indexed_tuple.hpp>
-#include <mbgl/layout/pattern_layout.hpp>
-
-#include <bitset>
+#include <mbgl/util/vectors.hpp>
 
 namespace mbgl {
 
@@ -38,6 +37,9 @@ template <class AttributeType>
 using ZoomInterpolatedAttributeType =
     gfx::AttributeType<typename AttributeType::ElementType, AttributeType::Dimensions * 2>;
 
+template <class A>
+using ZoomInterpolatedVertexType = typename gfx::detail::VertexType<ZoomInterpolatedAttributeType<A>>;
+
 inline std::array<float, 1> attributeValue(float v) {
     return {{v}};
 }
@@ -129,8 +131,8 @@ public:
         const PossiblyEvaluatedType& currentValue) const = 0;
 
     virtual std::size_t getVertexCount() const = 0;
-    virtual const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<As, UniformValueType>...>&*/ void* getVertexValue(
-        std::size_t index) const = 0;
+
+    virtual std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<As>...> getVertexValue(std::size_t index) const = 0;
 
     static std::unique_ptr<PaintPropertyBinder> create(const PossiblyEvaluatedType& value, float zoom, T defaultValue);
 
@@ -170,10 +172,10 @@ public:
     using BaseAttributeType = A;
     using BaseVertex = gfx::VertexType<BaseAttributeType>;
 
-    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return 1; }
-    const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<A, T>>&*/ void* getVertexValue(std::size_t) const override {
-        convertedValue = BaseVertex{attributeValue(constant)};
-        return &convertedValue;
+    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return 0; }
+
+    std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A>> getVertexValue(std::size_t) const override {
+        return {ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A>{0}};
     }
 
 private:
@@ -222,9 +224,10 @@ public:
         return constantPatternPositions;
     }
 
-    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return 1; }
-    const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<A, T>>&*/ void* getVertexValue(std::size_t) const override {
-        return &constantPatternPositions;
+    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return 0; }
+
+    std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<As>...> getVertexValue(std::size_t) const override {
+        return {ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<As>{0}...};
     }
 
 private:
@@ -238,8 +241,6 @@ public:
     using BaseAttributeType = A;
     using BaseVertex = gfx::VertexType<BaseAttributeType>;
 
-    using AttributeType = ZoomInterpolatedAttributeType<A>;
-
     SourceFunctionPaintPropertyBinder(style::PropertyExpression<T> expression_, T defaultValue_)
         : expression(std::move(expression_)),
           defaultValue(std::move(defaultValue_)) {}
@@ -326,8 +327,10 @@ public:
     }
 
     std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return vertexVector.elements(); }
-    const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<A, T>>&*/ void* getVertexValue(std::size_t index) const override {
-        return &vertexVector.at(index);
+
+    std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A>> getVertexValue(std::size_t index) const override {
+        const BaseVertex& value = vertexVector.at(index);
+        return {ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A>{concatenate(value.a1, value.a1)}};
     }
 
 private:
@@ -450,8 +453,9 @@ public:
     }
 
     std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return vertexVector.elements(); }
-    const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<A, T>>&*/ void* getVertexValue(std::size_t index) const override {
-        return &vertexVector.at(index);
+
+    std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A>> getVertexValue(std::size_t index) const override {
+        return {vertexVector.at(index)};
     }
 
 private:
@@ -467,9 +471,6 @@ template <class T, class A1, class A2>
 class CompositeCrossFadedPaintPropertyBinder final
     : public PaintPropertyBinder<T, std::array<uint16_t, 4>, PossiblyEvaluatedPropertyValue<Faded<T>>, A1, A2> {
 public:
-    using AttributeType = ZoomInterpolatedAttributeType<A1>;
-    using AttributeType2 = ZoomInterpolatedAttributeType<A2>;
-
     using BaseAttributeType = A1;
     using BaseAttributeType2 = A2;
 
@@ -564,8 +565,16 @@ public:
         return {};
     }
 
-    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return 0; }
-    const /*std::tuple<ExpandToType<A, T>>&*/ void* getVertexValue(std::size_t) const override { return nullptr; }
+    std::size_t getVertexCount() const override { return patternToVertexVector.elements(); }
+
+    std::tuple<ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A1>, ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A2>> getVertexValue(
+        std::size_t index) const override {
+        const Vertex& patternValue = patternToVertexVector.at(index);
+        const Vertex2& zoomValue = crossfade.fromScale == 2 ? zoomInVertexVector.at(index)
+                                                            : zoomOutVertexVector.at(index);
+        return {ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A1>{concatenate(patternValue.a1, patternValue.a1)},
+                ZoomInterpolatedVertexType<A2>{concatenate(zoomValue.a1, zoomValue.a1)}};
+    }
 
 private:
     style::PropertyExpression<T> expression;
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.cpp
index 06f7f8de6..82367822e 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/render_tile.cpp
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ void RenderTile::finishRender(PaintParameters& parameters) const {
     static const style::Properties<>::PossiblyEvaluated properties{};
     static const DebugProgram::Binders paintAttributeData(properties, 0);
 
-    auto program = parameters.shaders.get<DebugProgram>();
+    auto program = parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().get<DebugProgram>();
     if (!program) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_image_source.cpp b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_image_source.cpp
index 29a786bd9..5fd73e490 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_image_source.cpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/renderer/sources/render_image_source.cpp
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ void ImageSourceRenderData::render(PaintParameters& parameters) const {
     static const style::Properties<>::PossiblyEvaluated properties{};
     static const DebugProgram::Binders paintAttributeData(properties, 0);
 
-    auto programInstance = parameters.shaders.get<DebugProgram>();
+    auto programInstance = parameters.shaders.getLegacyGroup().get<DebugProgram>();
     if (!programInstance) {
         return;
     }
diff --git a/src/mbgl/style/paint_property.hpp b/src/mbgl/style/paint_property.hpp
index 7d398748f..782cc4860 100644
--- a/src/mbgl/style/paint_property.hpp
+++ b/src/mbgl/style/paint_property.hpp
@@ -39,6 +39,8 @@ public:
     using AttributeList = TypeList<A>;
     using Uniform = U;
     using UniformList = TypeList<U>;
+
+    static constexpr const std::array<std::string_view, 1> AttributeNames = {A::name()};
 };
 
 template <class T, class A1, class U1, class A2, class U2>
@@ -56,6 +58,8 @@ public:
     using AttributeList = TypeList<A1, A2>;
     using Uniform = U1;
     using UniformList = TypeList<U1, U2>;
+
+    static constexpr const std::array<std::string_view, 2> AttributeNames = {A1::name(), A2::name()};
 };
 
 template <class T>
diff --git a/test/renderer/shader_registry.test.cpp b/test/renderer/shader_registry.test.cpp
index eef5aa371..ee362370a 100644
--- a/test/renderer/shader_registry.test.cpp
+++ b/test/renderer/shader_registry.test.cpp
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class StubShaderConsumer {
 public:
     template <typename T>
     uint32_t useShader(gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry) {
-        auto program = registry.get<T>();
+        auto program = registry.getLegacyGroup().get<T>();
         return program ? program->draw() : 0;
     }
 };
@@ -94,17 +94,17 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, RegisterShader) {
     gfx::ShaderRegistry registry;
 
     // The registry should start empty
-    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.getLegacyGroup().isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
 
     // Register the program
     auto program = std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(program));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(program));
     // We can't re-register the same program name
-    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.registerShader(program));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(program));
     // Ensure the shader is present in the registry now
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
     // And we can fetch it
-    ASSERT_EQ(registry.get<StubProgram_1>(), program);
+    ASSERT_EQ(registry.getLegacyGroup().get<StubProgram_1>(), program);
 
     // Make sure downcasting to program1 works as expected
     StubShaderConsumer consumer;
@@ -115,13 +115,13 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, RegisterShader) {
 TEST(ShaderRegistry, ReplaceShaderType) {
     gfx::ShaderRegistry registry;
 
-    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.getLegacyGroup().isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
 
     auto program = std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>();
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(program));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(program));
     // Ensure the shader is present in the registry now
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.isShader(std::string{program->typeName()}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().isShader(std::string{StubProgram_1::Name}));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().isShader(std::string{program->typeName()}));
 
     // Make sure downcasting to program1 works as expected
     StubShaderConsumer consumer;
@@ -131,13 +131,13 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, ReplaceShaderType) {
     // and as such this replacement should fail as StubProgram_2
     // has never been registered.
     auto program2 = std::make_shared<StubProgram_2>();
-    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.replaceShader(program2));
+    ASSERT_FALSE(registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(program2));
 
     // Make a second instance of program1 and change the token
     auto program3 = std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>();
     program3->setToken(30);
     // Replace it in the registry
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.replaceShader(program3));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(program3));
     // Assert the new program downcasts from the registry as expected
     ASSERT_EQ(consumer.useShader<StubProgram_1>(registry), 30);
 }
@@ -156,28 +156,29 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, ShaderRTTI) {
 TEST(ShaderRegistry, MultiRegister) {
     gfx::ShaderRegistry registry;
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>()));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "SecondProgram"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "SecondProgram"));
 
     // Default option, register as the type name
-    ASSERT_NE(registry.get<StubProgram_1>(), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(registry.getLegacyGroup().get<StubProgram_1>(), nullptr);
     // Register with an explicit name
-    ASSERT_NE(registry.get<StubProgram_1>("SecondProgram"), nullptr);
-    ASSERT_NE(registry.get<StubProgram_1>(), registry.get<StubProgram_1>("SecondProgram"));
+    ASSERT_NE(registry.getLegacyGroup().get<StubProgram_1>("SecondProgram"), nullptr);
+    ASSERT_NE(registry.getLegacyGroup().get<StubProgram_1>(),
+              registry.getLegacyGroup().get<StubProgram_1>("SecondProgram"));
 }
 
 // Test fetching
 TEST(ShaderRegistry, RegistryFetch) {
     gfx::ShaderRegistry registry;
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>()));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "SecondProgram"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>()));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "SecondProgram"));
 
     std::shared_ptr<StubProgram_1> progA;
     std::shared_ptr<StubProgram_1> progB;
 
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.populate(progA));
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.populate(progB, "SecondProgram"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().populate(progA));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().populate(progB, "SecondProgram"));
     ASSERT_NE(progA, progB);
     ASSERT_NE(progA, nullptr);
     ASSERT_NE(progB, nullptr);
@@ -188,17 +189,17 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, NamedReplace) {
     gfx::ShaderRegistry registry;
 
     // Register
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "CustomName"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().registerShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "CustomName"));
 
     std::shared_ptr<StubProgram_1> progA;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.populate(progA, "CustomName"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().populate(progA, "CustomName"));
     ASSERT_NE(progA, nullptr);
 
     // Replace it with a new instance
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.replaceShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "CustomName"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(std::make_shared<StubProgram_1>(), "CustomName"));
 
     std::shared_ptr<StubProgram_1> progB;
-    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.populate(progB, "CustomName"));
+    ASSERT_TRUE(registry.getLegacyGroup().populate(progB, "CustomName"));
     ASSERT_NE(progB, nullptr);
 
     // Should be different instances
@@ -213,7 +214,7 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, GLSLReplacement_NoOp) {
 
     // Just replace with a default instance
     observer.registerShaders = [&](gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry) {
-        if (!registry.replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(ProgramParameters(1.0f, false)))) {
+        if (!registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(ProgramParameters(1.0f, false)))) {
             throw std::runtime_error("Failed to register shader!");
         }
     };
@@ -239,7 +240,7 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, GLSLReplacement1) {
 
     // Replace with an instance that only renders blue
     observer.registerShaders = [&](gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry) {
-        if (!registry.replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(
+        if (!registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(
                 ProgramParameters(1.0f, false)
                     .withShaderSource(ProgramParameters::ProgramSource(gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL,
                                                                        "",
@@ -273,7 +274,7 @@ TEST(ShaderRegistry, GLSLReplacement2) {
 
     // Replace with an instance that adds some red and green
     observer.registerShaders = [&](gfx::ShaderRegistry& registry) {
-        if (!registry.replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(
+        if (!registry.getLegacyGroup().replaceShader(std::make_shared<FillProgram>(
                 ProgramParameters(1.0f, false)
                     .withShaderSource(ProgramParameters::ProgramSource(gfx::Backend::Type::OpenGL,
                                                                        "",